Altogether, 1,621 men served in the regiment, of whom 293 died (146 . Although the 20th Maine Infantry gets a lot of attention for its actions at Gettysburg, due mostly to its prominence in the 1993 film Gettysburg, other regiments from the Pine Tree State played important but overlooked roles in the battle.One of those regiments was Colonel Moses Lakeman's 3rd Maine. [1] The Civil War Archive section, 20th Regiment Infantry, (accessed 30 May 2012). The regiment wasnot engaged in the battle, staying in reserve with much of the Fifth Corps. Late in the afternoon of July 2, 1863, on a boulder-strewn hillside in southern Pennsylvania, Union Colonel Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain dashed headlong into history, leading his 20th Maine Regiment in perhaps the most famous counterattack of the Civil War. The regiment is honored by a . The 20th Maine was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War, renowned for its action on Little Round Top during the Battle of Gettysburg of the American Civil War. Great responsibility also fell upon Captain Spear, whose flank was to start the attack otherwise the charge would not pivot and work to its fullest potential. Surry, Joseph L., Castine, Stinson, Merritt, Clinton. Also lacking military experience, a number of officers were well educated, including 10 who had graduated from Bowdoin College. Chamberlain whose right foot had been pieced by a shell fragment or a stone chip then limped along the regimental line giving instructions to align the left side of the regiment with the right. Another crisis soon faced the Maine soldiers when the left side of the regiment drew even with the right, short of its planned position. return Commanding officer Col. Ames was trained as a military officer. It brought 439 men to the field and suffered no casualties, being held in reserve with Howe's brigade in the . The 20th Maine were also featured in the film Gettysburg and in the novel The Killer Angels. The lack of credit perhaps helped create the rift that later developed between him and Chamberlain. The 20th Maine Infantry Regiment was a volunteer regiment of the United States Army during the American Civil War (1861-1865), most famous for its defense of Little Round Top at the Battle of Gettysburg in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 1-3, 1863.The 133rd Engineer Battalion of the Maine Army National Guard and the United States Army today carries on the lineage and traditions of the 20th . Both sides sent dispatches to inform their superiors of the confrontation. As the fighting intensified, both sides added more infantry divisions to the battle. Organized at Readville under Colonel William R. Lee, mexican War veteran and distant relative of Confederate General Robert E. Lee. From the Company B monument, located about 50 yards to the east of the main monument on Little Round Top: Position of Company B, 20th Me. Chamberlain later said he communicated his decision to counterattack to Captain Ellis Spear, the acting battalion commander of the units left flank. 20th Maine Regiment Infantry ROSTERS: The composite rosters of this unit contain the names of 1 man. The regiment wasmoved to Quarantine Hill, while Colonel Ames wastransferred to General Meades staff at Corps Headquarters. Norton, Hiram, Solon, Rankins, William, Waterville. Charles W. Billings; Co. [1] The Civil War Archive section, 21st Regiment Infantry, (accessed 30 May 2012) The Wikipedia article, 21st Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment, (accessed 6 July 2012) Late in the afternoon of July 2, 1863, on a boulder-strewn hillside in southern Pennsylvania, Union Colonel Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain dashed headlong into history, leading his 20th Maine Regiment in perhaps the most famous counterattack of the Civil War. Fiscel farm). To mark the return to Maine of the 20th Maine's restored Gettysburg battle flag the Maine State Museum opened an exhibit September 5th, 1998. Little Round Top was left uncovered. United States. They mustered out July 16, 1865 with the old members mustering out June 4, 1865. The 1st Maine Cavalry has the unfortunate distinction of having the most men killed in action of any cavalry unit during the war. Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. Two other men were wounded, and Lieutenant Colonel Chamberlain lost the first of many horses shot from under him during the Civil War. They mustered out August 25, 1863, with expiration of term. Includes battles in which the regiment participated, the names of those killed in action and the deaths of other . Serving as a rear guard, the 20th Mainewas one of the last regiments back across the Rapahnnock. Bartiett, Charles H., Sidney, Benson, Thomas S., Sidney. Sanford A. Carpenter, Portland, Oliver French, Solon. If your ancestor was a Union soldier, he may have been part of the U.S. Regulars, a unit of the United States Army though most Civil War soldiers served in a volunteer regiment raised by his home state, for example the 11th Virginia Volunteer Infantry or the 4th Maine Volunteer Infantry. Chamberlain also was a member of the official Maine at Gettysburg Commission and wrote the organizations chapter on the 20th Maine. On Special Duty or Detached Service: Charles E. Foster, Ded- Theodore Gerrish (4 mb) Reunions of the 20th Maine Maine Regiment (.5 mb) 21st Maine - Historic Record and Complete Biographical Roster, 21st Maine Vols. First Sergeant, Hezekiah Long, Thomaston. It had been Chamberlains idea to elevate Tozier to the post of color sergeant for the 20th Maine, a move designed to instill a new esprit de corps in the mutineers. Chamberlain, for his part, wrote incorrectly to his wife that his regiment had been attacked by a whole brigade. living history of these brave men that we may never forget their contributions. To mark the return to Maine of the 20th Maine's restored Gettysburg battle flag the Maine State Museum opened an exhibit September 5th, 1998. The 20th Maine regiment was mustered out of service on June 16, 1865. Out of a total enlistment of 1,621 men, nine officers and 138 enlisted men were killed or mortally wounded and one officer and 145 enlisted men died of disease, for a total of 293 lost. ; John Stockman, Oldtown, wagon master; It was raised in the towns between the . Many American junior officers still look up to Chamberlain. Edward Alonzo True Correspondence 1860-1864. In doing so, Chamberlain exercised effective battle command. On June 3, 1863, Confederate General Robert E. Lee began the Army of Northern Virginias second invasion of the North. Thos. The regiment wasreduced to around 400 men. Army. Source: "Stand Firm Ye Boys From Maine" by Tom Desjardin. Hand-written roster and service record of the 41st Regiment, Co. E, New York State Volunteers. Winslow Nathaniel O, Wyman Charles B, Young Leroy. I swear the men will shoot him the first battle we are in.". Willey, William E., Belgrade, Young, Ervin S.. Solon. By June 30 Lees forces, including those of corps commanders Lt. Gens. The Confederates managed to exploit weaknesses in the Federals deployment, and their attacks caused heavy losses to the Union troops, who were forced to retreat. The state-appointed Maine commission that later gathered facts regarding Maines contribution to the Battle of Gettysburg maintained that Melcher sprang forward as Chamberlain yelled, Bayonet! The regiment lost 38 killed or mortally wounded and 93 wounded out of 358 engaged. July 8. Major General J.E.B. The 20th Regiment, Maine Infantry was organized at Portland, and mustered in August 29, 1862. Baldwin County. First Sergeant, Joseph Walker, Jr., Atkinson. Record of Capt. On Special Duty or Detached Service: Charles W. Jackins, Bangor, Companies in this Regiment with the Counties of Origin, Beginning United States Civil War Research, The Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System, https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/index.php?title=20th_Regiment,_Maine_Infantry&oldid=5037428. Goodwin S. Ireland, Priv. Lees main objective was to move across the Potomac River and try to separate the Union forces from Washington. Note stating that Mr. Adam Horning, Company H, 20th Regiment New York State Volunteers died on May 23, 1864, in Cleveland, Ohio. 94, Discharged In all likelihood Lieutenant Melcher conceived the idea to advance the colors to retrieve the wounded, but Chamberlain expanded upon the idea, deciding to have the whole regiment conduct a bayonet attack. The 20th Maine marched from Appomattox, Virginia, on May 2, reaching the national capital at Washington, D.C., on May 12, where the remaining original members were mustered out of service on June 4, 1865, with the remainder of the regiment leaving the federal service on July 16. Captain, Walter G. Morrill, Williamsburg. At . It served between autumn 1862 and spring 1865, fighting at Shepherdstown Ford, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, the Overland Campaign, Peebles Farm, Hatcher's Run, and Five Forks. [5][6], The participation of the 20th Maine in the Battle of Fredericksburg is depicted in the 2003 feature film "Gods And Generals" (prequel movie to 1993's Gettysburg based on Michael Shaara's son Jeff Shaara's historical novel of the same name). Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. An Alabama soldier twice failed to pull the trigger of his rifle because he had second thoughts about killing the brave colonel. Walton, Waldoboro. Second Lieutenant Warren L. Kendall, killed. Lee, and John H. Wentworth, Veazie, battery C, ist N. Y.; John E. Carl- Strong Vincent, Patrick ORorke and Ellis Spear also deserve greater recognition for their contributions. 20th Maine, Company G . 20th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment Battles Casualties Battle of Antietam Blackford's Ford Virgina Cold Harbor Five Forks Fredericksburg Gettysburg Petersburg Spotsylvania Court House Wilderness. Please enable JavaScript on your browser to best view this site. Reviews aren't verified, but Google checks for and removes fake content when it's identified. See p. 1222 (1 photocopied page) for a concise summary of the regiment's service. Names of the officers and men of the Twentieth Maine Volunteers who were killed or died of wounds received in this action: Co. C, Capt. Join us online July 24-26! By ord. Both Vincent and ORorke paid with their lives for their heroism. The Rev. from December 1st, 1863, date of the return published in Adjutant George W. Buck, Linneus, promoted on the field, from Private. Chamberlain declined, saying that he would like to learn the position first and took the rank of lieutenant colonel instead. Later in life, Chamberlain wrote that his regiment was the first in line, but it actually took up its position last, curving its line back around to the east and forming the Union Armys extreme left flank. D. Chamberlain's Company G, Twentieth Regiment They mustered out July 16, 1865 with the old members mustering out June 4, 1865. Recruits transferred to 20th Maine Infantry. . It was assigned to the Army of the Potomac in the 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, V Corps, where it would remain until mustered out on July 16, 1865. 5th U. S. Sergeants: Reuel Thomas, Thomaston, special orderly for Colo- On Special Duty or Detached Service: Crosby N. Crocker, team- Historic Blakely State Park. It was not until Gettysburg that the armies met in a full-scale fight. The 20th Maine and the adjacent 83rd Pennsylvania together captured many men from both Alabama regiments (including Lt. Col. Michael Bulger, commander of the 47th),[4] as well as several other men of the 4th Alabama and 4th and 5th Texas regiments of the same division. Chaplain, Luther P. French, East Corinth; at hospital. Colonel Chamberlain returned from sick leave and court martial duty in Washington to resume command of the Regiment. . Harmony, battery I, 5th U. S.; John Harmon, Buxton, Samuel F. Mallett, With the new information from Nichols, Chamberlain ordered a right-angle formation, extending his line farther to the east. John Wentworth; Co. F, Priv. Roster. For the 1979 board wargame simulating this regiment's most famous battle, see, Maine U.S. Volunteer Infantry Regiments 1861-1865, "133d Engineer Battalion | Lineage and Honors", "Twentieth Regiment, Maine Volunteer Infantry", "New Maine State Ballad Commemorates Civil War Unit", "New state ballad honors 20th Maine, despite pro-Confederate objections", 20th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment (Maine State Archives), http://learn.bowdoin.edu/joshua-lawrence-chamberlain/, Army life: a private's reminiscences of the Civil War (1882), Eastern Theater of the American Civil War, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=20th_Maine_Infantry_Regiment&oldid=1146546381, Units and formations of the Union Army from Maine, Military units and formations established in 1862, Military units and formations disestablished in 1865, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 1,621 enrollment (soldiers assigned to the regiment), This page was last edited on 25 March 2023, at 15:09. This Civil War regiment fought in dozens of engagements from 1862 to 1865, including the Battles of Shepherdstown, the Wilderness, and Appomattox Court House, and are known for the bayonet charge by which they defended Little Round Top at Gettysburg. First Lieutenant, Addison W. Lewis, Waterville, commanding. The Twentieth Maine was assembled as if by destiny. James R. Merrill, Priv. After many battles, companies might be combined because so many men were killed or wounded. After many battles, companies might be combined because so many men were killed or wounded. When Chamberlain went to the Governor of Maine to acquire a commission in the Army, the Governor offered him the rank of Colonel. The 20th Regiment, Maine Infantry was organized at Portland, and mustered in August 29, 1862. from the Muster-out Rolls and subsequent Returns from Commissary of The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! Included along with the flag were historic prints, art work, documents, and the famous Colt revolver taken by Chamberlain from a Confederate officer after it providentially mis-fired, sparing him at Little Round Top. Chamberlain was a graduate of Bowdoin College and the Bangor Theological Seminary. It is honored by threemonuments at Gettysburg. The regiment was attached to W. F. Smith's Brigade, Division of the Potomac, to October 1861. Alabama Regiments, Rosters and Muster Rolls. Military Units Participating in 1865 Mobile Campaign. Vols., Capt. However if you are unsure which company your ancestor was in, try the company recruited in his county first. When Confederate Brig. First Sergeant Charles W. Steele, killed. correspondence and papers of veterans. Alabama. dept; Thomas Arnold, Warren; Oeorge H. Dow, Warren. Its members came together from across the state, in response to President Abraham Lincoln's call in July 1862 for 300,000 volunteers. Laforrest P. True, Clinton, John Reed, Jr., Eustis. Compiled ; Henry Reaviel, Bangor, and William N. Witham, Price) 23rd TN Infantry Co C. 24th Tennessee Volunteer Infantry, Co. G., Duck River Rifles (hosted at Duck River Rifles) 37th Tennessee Infantry Regiment. Second Lieutenant, Frederic W. Lane, Milo. Here the 20th Maine Regiment Col. J. L. Chamberlain commanding, forming the extreme left of the national line of battle on the 2nd day of July 1863, repulsed the attack of the extreme right of Longstreet's Corps and charged in turn, capturing 308 prisoners. The problem with becoming a legend is that deeds may become distorted inadvertently due to commercial profits, hero worship and the sheer passage of time. Musters, Erroneously reported muscian in '63; Disch. Corporal Vincent W. Pinhom, wounded, hip. The 20th maine volunteers regiment of the american civil war. Andrew J. Tozier of the 2nd Maine quickly emerged as an unlikely hero, and he was later awarded the Medal of Honor for his bravery. and Frank C. Williams, Bangor, battery D, 5th U. S.; Frank A. Johnson, Captain Samuel T. Keene, wounded, side, severely. Grand Review May 23. Sergeant James R. Martin, wounded, face, severely. [1]. Meade faced a daunting task. U. S.; William P. Harvey, Bangor, battery C, ist Mass. Also helping to defend Little Round Top were Major Homer R. Stoughtons 2nd U.S. Sharpshooters, armed with .52-caliber breechloading rifles. The mutineers were not just soldiers but also Chamberlains childhood neighbors. Men often enlisted in a company recruited in the counties where they lived though not always. Throughout the morning, Confederate pressure continued to build against the Union line. William F. Merrill, Priv. ton, Hanover, and Erskine C. Smith, Hanover, in quarterm'r dept. Alexander E. Lester; Co. K, 1st Serg. Colonel Chamberlain was badly wounded in the right hip and groin. A professor at Bowdoin College before his enlistment, Chamberlain lacked military training, but made up for that deficit with his intelligence. Mustered with over 1,600 troops on July 2, 1862, after Lincoln's second call for volunteers, the 20th Maine was reduced to under 300 by the . This article is about the Civil War regiment. Gettysburg, and Descriptive rolls of the 2nd and 20th ME and personal The unit was unable to participate in the Battle of Chancellorsville in April-May 1863, due to a quarantine prompted by a tainted smallpox vaccine that had been issued to the unit's soldiers. Acting First Sergeant, William Griffin, Stockton. The mutineers claimed they had only enlisted to fight under the 2nd Maine flag, and if their flag went home, so should they. Many were named officers because of their success at recruiting volunteers for the Maine regiments. In the confusion of shifting troops, however, Geary pulled his men out too soon, before Sickles men had moved to replace them. Then a pistol aimed and fired by a Southern officer misfired only a few feet from Chamberlains face. Fortunately for the men of the 2nd Maine, Chamberlain was born and grew up in Brewer, the twin city to Bangor across the Penobscot River where the 2nd Maine regiment was recruited. Soon, the 20th traveled by rail and steamer to Washington, D.C., to join the Army of the Potomac as part of Butterfield's "Light Brigade" of the Fifth Corps. No county claimed them. 1868. Advance to: 20th Maine . After Chamberlain returned to the regimental center, Melcher asked permission to retrieve his wounded from the front. [8][9] The song "Dixieland" by Steve Earle and the Del McCoury Band is also about the 20th Maine.[10]. ; John T. Given, Brewer, First Lieutenant, Rufus B. Plununer, Linneus, assigned to G. Second Lieutenant, James H. Stan wood, Waldoboro. Colonel Chamberlain took over brigade command and Major Ellis Spear took command of the Regiment. First Sergeant Isaac W. Estes, mortally wounded; died July 14, 1863. The men took to Chamberlain, admiring him for his willingness to get into the midst of things alongside of them. On Special Duty or Detached Service; George W. Carlton, Lew- Without Morrills up-front leadership, Chamberlains attack probably would have been spoiled and pushed back. Both Vincent and ORorke gave their lives at Gettysburg, and if not for those two men and others, Chamberlain probably would be remembered today as only a minor figure in a major Union disaster. The 1st Maine Heavy Artillery suffered the largest losses of any regiment in a single . According to Confederate Colonel Oates, it was the surprise fire of Company B that caused the disastrous panic in his soldiers. Second Lieutenant, Mattson C. Sanborn, South Berwick. Cunningham Warren, Dickinson, James, Flagg Orlando, Foss Job, Herscomb But after weighing all the evidence, it seems fair to say that without the contributions of the 2nd Maine Infantry, Andrew J. Tozier, Company B and Holman Melcher, Chamberlain clearly and convincingly would have been defeated. Pettigrew withdrew his troops and then reported back to Heth. This page has been viewed 5,021 times (0 via redirect). Second Lieutenant, Thomas R. Hogue, Waldoboro. Spear literally controlled half the regiment during the climactic counterattack. Being primarily farmers and lumbermen before they enlisted, most of the men had no military background, but many were used to hard work and surviving in an often unforgiving environment, were familiar with firearms and had the benefit of having volunteered for service. The most notable battle was the regiment's decisive role on July 2, 1863, in the Battle of Gettysburg at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, where it was stationed on Little Round Top hill at the extreme left of the Union line. Meanwhile, Colonel Vincent tried to rally his 3rd Brigade as the 16th Michigan staggered under the heavy assault by the 4th and 5th Texas. mortally, shot in throat and vertebrae, died July 5, buried east List of participants by company as well as casualties suffered. George H. Moulton, Lagrange, William H. Owen, Milo, Charles E. Bowker, Orrington battery L, ist Ohio. The regiment saw limited action at the battles of Antietam in Maryland, and Fredericksburg . The Civil War Soldiers and Sailors database lists 3,600 men on its roster for this unit. No. Charles W. Steele, Serg.George W. Buck, SergIsaac M. Lathrop, Priv. The Union had lost 4,000 men by that time and the town of Gettysburg itself but Meade quickly moved reinforcing divisions onto the high ground south of Gettysburg. By autumn 1862, Chamberlain was appointed lieutenant colonel of the newly created 20th Maine Infantry. 19th Regiment Infantry: 20th Regiment Infantry: 21st Regiment Infantry: 22nd Regiment Infantry: 23rd Regiment Infantry: 24th Regiment Infantry: 25th Regiment Infantry .

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