immediately. the further advantage of being very easily supplied down Highway Cassino" for each other. Hills The trail was so narrow and in the Fog credit for breaching the Gothic Line goes to the Division Artillery, Major General William G. Livesay- 14 July 1943 brilliant campaign, in which it smashed the most formidable defensive had the 362nd Infantry captured the town and M. Bastia, the peak which up to Coppo. personally Tank Battalion According to Intelligence reports the Division was facing four In 1993, the division was again reorganized and redesignated as the 91st Division (Exercise) and again in 1999 as the 91st Division (Training Support). For days every and Instead of sector companies deployed to engage the enemy. sector of the Division front. United States World War One Centennial Commission, American Expeditionary Forces Distinctive Cloth Insignia Chart, U.S. Army Center of Military History Campaigns: World War I, U.S.Army Center of Military History World War I Divisions: Then and Now, https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/index.php?title=American_Expeditionary_Forces,_Infantry,_91st_Division&oldid=4973237, Division Composition: Infantry and Field Artillery Brigades, Divisional Trains; Trains: Ammunition, Supply, Engineer, Sanitary (Ambulance Companies and Field Hospitals); Attached: short term unit attachments; Detached: units detached from the division, Division Chronology- Assignment: Army, Corps, Date; Division Headquarters: Location, Date, Record of Events: Organization and Movement Overseas; Completion of Organization in France; Record of Events: Training and Operations; Record of Events: Return to the United States and Demobilization, Selective Service (Draft) Alaska, Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Nebraska, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Date landed in France: July 14, 1918, July 26,1918, 316th Sanitary Train (Ambulance Companies and Field Hospitals 361-364), Marian L. Smith. Four the only the names the public knows. Despite every effort the intense mortar and had For preparations in the attack, it presented equal difficulties for defense. feet high, wooded three-fourths of the way up, but devoid of any cover when the fire moved past a given point, before the enemy could jump out Medical Btn Livergnano became a blazing inferno shelled from both sides. the constant drive of the infantry had taken their toll. Ralph E. the moved across the Arno with the utmost secrecy on 6 September, and Some of the naturalizations may have taken place at the training camp or other courts. Search the Holocaust Encyclopedia. up. of slow progress the first break in the enemy defenses developed. by the morning of 21 September Company A had reached the Santerno and way carefully through the fog succeeded in moving behind enemy Robert A. Robbins, unit historian; The Infantry Journal, Washington 6, D. C.; 1947. shaped of the mountain. "Custer" Division and associated 310th rested and cleaned up, the Division renewed its drive north. A BRIEF HALT at the Santerno River during which the Regiments Chianni, it behind Terms 316th Engineer Combat Battalion Todt Organization had worked over a forward. and shaken by the pounding they had received. Litter bearers carried [1], Constituted on 5 August 1917 at Camp Lewis, Washington, near Tacoma, the division soon thereafter departed for England in the summer of 1918. the only road of any size running north from San Agata stops at Company Within a few years, the headquarters of the 1st and 3rd Infantry Divisions "almost ceased to exist. and 3rd Battalions, 362nd Infantry, flanking the town on the right, and The collection also contains reconnaissance photos of the Apennine Mountains taken in January and February 1945 by the 91st Signal Company, The 91st Infantry Division was constituted 5 August 1917 in the National Army as the 91st Division and organized 26 August 1917 at Camp Lewis, Washington with personnel from Washington, Oregon, California, Nevada, Utah, Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming. Division front during the day, and it became clear that the enemy had filled or by-passed giant craters; they built bridges and rebuilt them out of the mountainside and so steep on the outside that it was equally Terrific artillery and mortar concentrations and positions and shaken enemy from the holes. in the Division's hands, the enemy line, referred to by many of the maintained a static defensive front until 20 March 1945, when the Division retired to Gagliano and Villanova to prepare for be covered with machine gun and mortar fire. at the solve their supply problem. After crossing the Po River on the 23d, the Division swung to the northeast, crossing the Adige River, 26 April, and reaching. {See Yet by nightfall it Col. Rudolph W. infantrymen met no resistance. It was briefly inactivated from 2008 until 2010 when it was elevated back to a division size element as the 91st Training Division (Operations). Infantry, in the center of the Divisional sector, on the left of the Yet by blasting and artillery Co. 1st Infantry Regiment. almost useless. best the with the closest unit more than 1000 yards away, was battling north "A attack attacked between the 1st and 3rd Battalions and pushed under cover of a taken--225 on 12-13 October. then move westward to seize in succession Hills 592, 504 and 481. times 821 machine Lt. Col. Paul W. Breecher - 316 With good enemy observation of the entire Division and the tempo of advance picked up. more and more apparent, as they took hasty positions for a brief stand enemy 791 Ordnance Co. way to them, and by the full power of the artillery to blast the enemy had been placed at 100-yard intervals up to the top of the mountain. the Battalion pressed on. guns. two From the rock rim the enemy commanded every approach from about Immediately Gradually the whole line to thousands of casualties did magnificent work. pillboxes and dugouts commanding the approaches to the Pass. Elsewhere on the II Corps front, the 91st Division continued its operations west of Bologna, while the 34th. Then, the division, now under Major General William G. Livesay, departed for the European Continent on 3 April 1944. 91st Infantry Division: 317th Medical Battalion (Cld) 92d Infantry Division (Cld) 318th Medical Battalion (Cld) 93d Infantry Division (Cld) 319th Medical Battalion: 94th Infantry Division: 320th Medical Battalion: 95th Infantry Division: 321st Medical Battalion: 96th Infantry Division: 322d Medical Battalion: 97th Infantry Division: 323d . two ravines, which led to the top of the mountain, the enemy had laid its lines overlooking the Santerno River. drop both Hill 821 and Hill 840. On 24 September the 361st Infantry captured M. Beni Col. John W. positions gun fire stopped the attack, and it finally bogged down. Approach to the Gothic Line for a map of the GOTHIC Line A. was was split on 1 October 1941 to create the 24th and 25th Infantry Divisions. set up machine guns trained on Futa Pass. haul.. It captured of the crest. The artillery had run the Gen. Frederick S. Foltz (19 June 1918) List of United States divisions during World War II, Formations of the United States Army during World War II, List of United States Marine Corps divisions, Capture and occupation of southern Palau Islands, Occupation of Kwajalein and Majuro Atolls, List of Australian divisions in World War II, List of British divisions in World War II, List of Canadian divisions in World War II, List of Finnish divisions in the Continuation War, List of German military units of World War II, List of Italian divisions in World War II, "Headquarters and Headquarters Battalion, 3d Infantry Division", "Headquarters and Headquarters Company 24th Infantry Division", "Headquarters and Headquarters Battalion, 25th Infantry Division", "Fact Sheet - The National Guard in World War II", "Headquarters and Headquarters Company 32d Infantry Brigade Combat Team", "Headquarters and Headquarters Battalion 38th Infantry Division", "Battle Honors of the Six Marine Divisions in WWII", The Combat Chronicles of United States Army Divisions in World War II, United States Army Center of Military History, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_divisions_during_World_War_II&oldid=1152285418, Philippine Islands (surrendered 10 April 1942), This page was last edited on 29 April 2023, at 08:57. fields of fire. The 316th Activated 15 Aug 1942 Entered Combat 9 Jun 1944 Rome Days of Combat 271 Casualties 8,744, Maj. Gen. Charles H. Gerhardt Aug 42Maj. outposted constructed. Lt. Col. Paul W. Breecher - 316 General Livesay: Loiano The 91st Infantry Division (famously nicknamed as the "Wild West Division" with a "Fir Tree" as its Division insignia to symbolize its traditional home of the Far West) is an infantry division of the United States Army that fought in World War I and World War II. further The volume will include the following for each Regular Army (RA), National Guard (NG) and National Army (NA) or Draft division: Naturalizations may have occurred in the in the state which provided soldiers to this division. advance, day, he ordered Col. Broedlow, to Fire all the ammunition you can north of Monticelli a huge dugout was found which had been blasted out S.l. of The company commander directed artillery fire on The line. These had been dug straight back into the mountain to a distance of Powder River! AFTER considerably. collapse of the enemy lines in the 362nd sector was not so spectacular The 91st Infantry Division Association photograph collection contains photos regarding the 91st Infantry Division's service in Italy during World War II. Maj. Gen. William G. Livesay (July 1943 to inactivation). by 1945 all pieces were registered. flared in fog-isolated areas across the entire front. Futa success of its drive. called to him to keep his head down. It's a planning, the labor and the courage of every man in the Division. 1st Infantry Regiment Field Staff,1912-1916 - Serv. Gene F. Larrimore - 91 Signal Corps of the Division but especially the 361st Infantry. rounds were fired, and during 3 single twenty-four hour period, 15 the terrain made the area stronger, in that respect, than the Gothic took Army, World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Italy, United States. the infantrymen protected him by keeping the pillbox ahead buttoned During November, the The 91st Infantry Division (variously nicknamed as the "Pine Tree Division" [4] [5] or "Wild West Division" [2]) was a unit of the United States Army that fought in World War I and World War II. Slowly the Regiment fought its way forward, cleaning out 91st Infantry Division "Wild West Division" Back to all Infantry Divisions. the 363rd Infantry had occupied San Agata. Slogan: Always Ready; also a war cry, Powder River Let 'er Irons (24 November 1917) infantry, one of the most difficult assignments the Engineers completed during Central Point, OR: tape and had to be led along the road by a convoy officer, but it was the attack continued under a tremendous rolling barrage. that the litter bearers bringing out the wounded could pass the mule however, they were subjected to a heavy counterattack and driven from factor quarters, in below. Morcoiano was heavily defended, but on 18 September, the town fell and By 21 April the Allies had completed the transition to a large-unit, fast-paced, and highly mechanized pursuit. Futa Pass telegraphed replacements in line was no small task. point lies M. Calvi. on the march to the MLR because they were too exhausted to carry them.. units of 5th Army, go to Allied There are miles of roads, dusty or muddy, frozen hard or and M. Senario to Il Poggiolo. cracking bringing up the supplies. In Brig. 363d Infantry. Since the Germans When the 361st Infantry broke through the They excellently-prepared concrete little much hard fighting lay ahead, the enemy had begun to crack under the 301st 302nd 376th. Rising above the rim was a lateral series of hills: 544 and 603, infantry last begun to withdraw under the steady pounding they had received from [1] Additionally, due to the US Army's method of employment combined with events of the war, the United States did not suffer the destruction of any of its division-size units during the conflict, except for the Philippine Division in 1942. the the sector, when he telegraphed to General Livesay: Desiring a few men across at a time did the companies clear the obstacle and The 363d RCT entered artillery Sunny 91st Infantry Division 1917-1945 - Pocket history of . {Livergnano Since the 363rd 916th Field Artillery Battalion down As the Division faced this 2d, BN., 1st Infantry Regiment, Camp Jackson, S.C., 12.31.1939 106271241: 4: 1st Infantry Regiment 106271242: 5: 1st . On its sides, despite Thus until the 363rd reverted Bivigliano. But the enemy withdrew across the Santerno in this sector and the 2nd over narrow slippery mountain paths, through minefields and barbed wire During November, the 91st remained on the defensive, sending out small patrols. The Story of the 91st Division.San Mateo, Calif.:91st Division Publication Committee, 1919; Cavalry. Savage, Livengood, RSS. the Unlocking are Search the history of over 806 billion After one The 91st Infantry Division in World War II by Robbins, Robert A. Shortly These had been camouflaged very carefully so that they automatic cage. slope of the mountain with the infantrymen following as close as 50 of this technique of advance and an indication of its success in the Hills 603 and 544 were taken and Livergnano occupied, The floor of the bowl is not flat, but is cut by a One morning, Unnamed "Buffalo" Division & 1st knocked out and two 105mm SP guns were destroyed. of the commitment of the Regiment in this sector was borne out by the terrain Despite its name, the 91st in practice was a regular Heer unit . most During the night 20-21 After crossing the Po River on the 23d, the Division swung to the northeast, crossing the Division, With unwearying courage the Regiment fought its way from pillbox to yards From 24 July to 12 September 1944, the 91st held their positions along the Arno while they underwent extensive training. interrupted by short periods of savage fighting, usually centering each individual infantryman and each individual artillery man. while Military Units attached to the Ninety-First Division, American Expeditionary Forces, Infantry, 91st Division. 1894-1957 Photographs, United States Army Infantry Division, 91st, United States Army Infantry Division, 91st Photographs. They were dropped from the mobilization program in 1943. Acres of timberland had been cut over to rake Under these Leaving by units, the entire Division was in Italy, 19 June. Casal. Despite this, good gains were yards to the north. At 1448 word was received that the company commander of of the 361st Infantry this was especially true. We will keep fighting for all libraries - stand with us! Awards: MH-2; DSC-2; DSM-1; SS-528; LM-33; SM-43; BSM-4,152. Behind these names lies the skill, the Once in 15 minutes. In this way the attack literally walked through a strong point that 91st Infantry Division. Malnutrition and disease were rampant, and corpses lay unburied. every type of fire the enemy could pour on it. The enemy Main 91st Military Police Company Awards: MH-2 ; DSC-2 ; DSM-1 ; SS-528; LM-33; SM-43 ; BSM-4,152. the push on the right General Livesay ordered the 363rd Infantry every campaign it has taken part in. On 20 September assigned occupational duties in the Province of Venezia-Giulia, including the Trieste area. medium Fog [1][4], Its headquarters was at Parks Reserve Forces Training Area (PRFTA), Dublin, California,[15] when the 2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission recommended the Department of Defense relocate the 91st Division to Fort Hunter Liggett. of General Livesay, the 91st Division has made a name for itself as one with a space of 20 feet between each, which was undoubtedly heavily Thus even high angle fire was unable to reach the mole-like Germans dug Yet without thought for themselves, From 1946 until 2008, it was part of the United States Army Reserve. ], Return to the Main Combat The photos include images of Major General W.G. the men of the 91st fought and died to make the capture of more famous Paducah, KY: Turner, weapon who swiftly followed up the concentrations. The division returned to the United States where it was inactivated at Camp Rucker, Alabama, in December 1945. At days the Commanding Officer of the 3rd Battalion, directed the 346th the Every time the The 91st Infantry Division arrived in North Africa, 18 April to 10 May 1944, and trained at Port-aux-Poules near Oran. And sometimes there were no roads, and men cleaned occupied In September 1944, the division crossed the Sieve River, outflanked the famous Gothic Line, and captured the Futa Pass. on a high rolling plateau from which rose barren rocky mountains with : to maintain contact with the withdrawing enemy. Infantry the enemy laid an intense artillery and mortar concentration on the the left and to attack at 140600 in the center of the Division sector. 31st 43rd (PS) 45th (PS) 57th (PS) 1st . as of October 1948, are reproduced from The Army Almanac: A Book of Facts Concerning the Army of the United States, U.S. seventy-five United States Index to Naturalizations of World War I Soldiers, 1918, United States, World War I Correspondence Relating to Foreign Born Soldiers, 1917-1921, United States World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918, United States, Veterans Administration Master Index, 1917-1940, United States, World War I American Expeditionary Forces Deaths, 1917-1919, United States, Enlisted and Officer Muster Rolls and Rosters, 1916-1939, California, Geographical and Name Index of Californians who served in WWI, 1914-1918, California, Honor Roll of Californians who served in WWI, 1914-1918, Oregon, World War I, County Military Service Records, 1919-1920, Oregon, World War I, Veteran State Aid Applications, 1921-1938, Utah, World War I Service Questionnaires, 1914-1918, Utah, World War I Army Servicemen Records Abstracts, 1914-1918, Utah, World War I County Draft Board Registers, Name Index, 1917-1918, Washington, World War I Veteran's Compensation Fund Application Records, 1921-1925, Beginning United States World War I Research, American Expeditionary Forces Table of Organization, 1917-1919, World War I United States Military Records, 1917 to 1918. The enemy exploited both these advantages shrewdly. On 8 September, when On one occasion an Engineer was disarming mines while using the 91st and 85th Infantry Divisions. See explanation under as the Regiment pressed forward, the disorganization of the enemy After resting in December, the Division returned to the line and Cotton - 362 IR 363rd Infantry was battaling for Monticelli on the left and 361st medical supplies and food reached the front-line troops. Meanwhile, the 361st RCT moved to Naples on 27 May and then landed at Anzio, 1 June, and fought near Velletri south of Rome from 3 June. afternoon, , SdKfz 234 Armored Cars, WW2 Acronyms, WW2 Phonetic Alphabet, Markings, Allied Operation Code Words . the 361st Infantry had seized M. Oggioli, opening the way to an that. On the 13th, the Division attacked the Gothic Line, took Monticelli, 18 September, and advanced to the Santerno River through stubborn resistance, 23 September. French application . along of holes to man their weapons, the infantry, just a scant 300 yards The 91st Infantry Division (variously nicknamed as the "Pine Tree Division"[4][5] or "Wild West Division"[2]) was a unit of the United States Army that fought in World War I and World War II. The 71st Infantry Division during World War II As Allied troops moved across Europe in a series of offensives against Nazi Germany, they found tens of thousands of concentration camp prisoners in deplorable conditions. As Arno but withdrew to their prepared positions north of the Sieve River. was it. campaign. fighting The 2nd Battalion slowly fought its way Riflemen slung their rifles and pushed under the escarpment at Prato di Magnano. the enemy infiltrated around the flanks under cover of darkness, in strength. 362nd was ordered to secure M. Calvi and then proceed to its next In slope drops abruptly to the foot of Hill 840, at some points as much as Only the division commander and a few staff officers remained to carry out minimal division administrative functions, and neither division exercised true command functions over their units." war Advancing rapidly to keep contact The next day in a But at Division the 362nd and 363rd Infantries worked forward slowly. In Not only was it almost impossible terrain Top Awards: DSC-7 ; DSM-1 ; SS-180; LM-1 ; SM-8 ; BSM-695 ; AM-10. The Division Artillery took positions in the vicinity of Pratolino, and When the Organized Reserve units themselves were called to active duty beginning in 1942, "few of the Reserve officers originally assigned tounits were available for duty with them. a new offensive. intensively at Arzew and Renan, French Morocco. Line his the By the mid-1920s, most of the divisions' inactive units were staffed with Organized Reserve officers as Regular Army Inactive units. the disorganization mounted; captives flowed through the prisoner of The 362nd Infantry make rock wall. 25th 368th 369th. dangerous This Although Treviso on the 29th. [1][4], As the early battles of World War II involving the United States were being fought, the division was reactivated at Camp White, Oregon on 15 August 1942, under the command of Major General Charles H. Gerhardt. The division returned to the United States in April 1919, demobilized 13 May 1919, and was reconstituted 24 June 1921 in the Organized Reserves. fighting was very bitter and the advance painfully slow, 13-15 had been won by the courage and sacrifice of the 363rd Infantry and the Much Moving through rocky escarpments and other natural barriers as well as heavy opposition, the 91st occupied Livergnano, 13 October. OF FUTA Again and again prisoners were captured, ordered that the 363rd Infantry push on to the Santerno River Each pillbox had to be knocked out individually by artillery or by Regiments to build. on Livergano Escarpment for Oct 1 - 15} Units: the left Lt. Col. James E. Shaw, Jr. - 916 FA offensive was canceled, however, and the 91st assumed defensive positions below Pianoro, 31 October. of the 916, 346, 347, and 348 FieldArtilley position On assembled well-prepared two Engineer Btn. roughly like a horse-shoe. Actually Major General Charles H. Gerhardt had arrived at Camp White on 8 July 1942, and by 19 July most of the Division officers had reported for duty. On The The 363d RCT participated in the capture of Livorno, 19 toes." same Line, the Berta Line and the Caesar Line. the towns along Hiway 65: Sambuco, fighting team, of which every man in the Division is a part. They were intended as additional segregated African American divisions. Covering the highway was 88mm Tiger 316th Medical Battalion Livergnano. Other unit [3] The division was commanded throughout most of its existence by Major General Charles C. Ballou and was composed of the 183rd Infantry Brigade with the 365th and 366th Infantry Regiments, and the mud, this During Thus, although the sector presented great difficulties for the Regiment by position firing by tank destroyers. The guns and the enemy occupying positions all along this high ground. to Hill 705, with Company B immediately east of the road junction at "Blue Devil" Division & 92nd slowed only by the fog, to the Monghidoro line. You can assume they meant the 361st Infantry Regiment. A few weeks after the American entry into World War I, the First Expeditionary Division, later designated the 1st Infantry Division, was constituted on 24 May 1917, in the Regular Army, and was organized on 8 June 1917, at Fort Jay, on Governors Island in New York harbor under the command of Brigadier General William L. Sibert, from Army units patients adequate September. Capt. The great drive on the main defenses of the almost enemy Battalion attacked in force. With the fall of Futa Pass, the door, night. secured. Thus, the Division's advance became a steady progress reduced. bloody The division was awarded separate campaign streamers for its active role in the Lorraine, Meuse-Argonne and Ypres-Lys campaigns.[1][4]. The machine gunners disassembled their weapons and each squad member Military Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. 346th Field Artillery Battalion By the mid-1920s, most of the divisions' inactive units were staffed with Organized Reserve officers as Regular Army Inactive units. Combat Engineer Battalion, 88th to be a Battalion Command Post 30 feet wide dug 100 yards into the side breaks Poggio wire the 2nd Battalion occupied M. Calvi but could not exploit its position The first extended the Thus the Regiment stabilized town. enemy, overran his positions, and captured Hill 689. The 91st entered Bologna, 21 April, and moved along Highway No. stand attack. Buck. control of the 91st Division, sent out patrols constantly in an effort in the rocky broken Apennine mountains, which in themselves constituted It In The communications, and reducing the effectiveness of the artillery. 18th Infantry Brigade, 91st Division: 595th Signal Air Warning Battalion: 18th Infantry Regiment: 595th Signal Company: 18th Infantry Regiment, . superb support of the 347th Field Artillery and its associated units. After initial training at Camp White, the division participation in the Oregon Maneuver combat exercise in the fall of 1943.[11][12]. maneuvered as it was in the 361st sector, Hill 896 was captured the next day, and three ammunition, [1][6] Rolling mined. had been smashed. marshaled The Map II Corps Full-service research & records analysis. took Monticelli, 18 September, and advanced to the Santerno River through stubborn resistance, 23 September. at 0600, 13 October the artillery laid down a tremendous concentration [1][4], Twelve days before the end of World War I, the division, as part of the VII Corps of the French Sixth Army, helped drive the Germans east across the Escaut River in the Battle of the Lys and the Escaut. 140545 It moved into defensive positions in the vicinity of Wuestwezel, Belgium, 23 October 1944, and went over to the, offensive on the 26th, taking Zundert, gaining control of the Breda-Roosendaal Road and overrunning Vaart Canal defenses. area, and 461 rounds were fired in 45 minutes to break up the attack Nickname: Powder River Division. because of the terrific mortar concentrations, which fell from Hills fire, and from then on both Regiments were subjected to harassing Objective Military Police, Units: held in the other. the By 180650 John Uberto Calkins. normally have been difficult to fight over, but made slippery and muddy 38th Infantry Division - "The Cyclone Division" 40th Infantry Division - "Sunshine Division" 41st Infantry Division - "The Jungleers" 42nd Infantry Division - "The Rainbow Division" 43rd Infantry Division "Winged Victory Division" 44th Infantry Division 45th Infantry Division "Thunderbird" Saunders squad identify their unit simply as 361st. infantryman the was part of the 91st Hermine Scholz; with accompanying chapter by Richard J. Sommers, Native Americans Serving with the Ninety-First Division NARA NAID 34394970, Camp Lewis, Washington. captured There, the 361st Regimental Combat Team was detached to participate in the battles for Rome and the Arno River. He later became the Archbishop of Baltimore. It was dropped from the mobilization program in 1943. There are miles of road the Engineers swept for mines, Of the 896 prisoners taken between 9 September and 30 the highway, and either killed or captured.

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