Squeeze a handfull of slightly moist, not wet, soil in your hand. Install sheet metal or hardware cloth over any openings the squirrels may use to gain access to the eaves or attic. It does not mean that the plant thrives or prefers this situation, but is able to adapt and continue its life cycle. The boat-shaped leathery follicle is up to 100 mm (4 in) long and is arranged in a pendant cluster. Q: I recently moved to a house in Phoenix, and am trying to understand the various plants in my yard. Brachychiton populneus (Schott & Endl.) a stalk), spring time. As it matures, the trunk widens and has the ability to store water. Do not remove shoots from the trunk early on as these allow the tree to grow more rapidly and also shade the tender young trunk from sun-scald. Get up-to-the-minute news sent straight to your device. Chemical deterrents are usually ineffective, as are noise devices made to scare the squirrel away. Young bottle trees are subject to wind For a very low-maintenance shade tree in your garden that also looks attractive, you really cant go past Brachychiton populneus. Brachychiton includes about 30 species of trees native to Australia. The best way to rid your tree of a mistletoe growth is to cut off the affected branch below the point of attachment. In some climates, the bottle tree is susceptible to many pests and diseases (4) however, in the low desert of Southern Arizona it is resistant to most disease except for Texas root rot, to which it is highly susceptible (5). However, the roots will search for water, so these trees should be planted at least 3.5 metres away from water or sewerage pipes. More recently, Annette has concentrated on improving the garden landscape of the homes that she has lived in and focused a lot of energy on growing edible plants as well. Normally there is no pre-treatment and fresh seeds should be sown when ripe or during spring. This tree began by losing its leaves during winter, but now has adapted to the cold and retains its leaves. Kurrajong bottle trees ( Brachychiton populneus) are hardy evergreens from Australia with bottle-shaped trunks that the tree uses for water storage. Trees, UA Oral However, if you are planting an Australian bottle tree, plant it in direct sun in a moderately fertile soil for best results. Plant in full - part sun (1,3). The fungus is commonly found in alkaline soils lacking in organic matter and survives for long periods of time without plant life to attack. Your soakway should be about 6'wide and deep and filled with gravel or crushed stone, topped with sand and sodded or seeded. A survey in a nursery in Sicily (Italy) revealed the presence of young B. acerifolius and B. populneus showing severe trunk cankers . The kurrajong tree also handles pruning quite well. The tree grows from thirty-five to sixty feet and spreads thirty feet wide. The Make sure you are giving it proper fertilization and irrigation to remedy the leaf symptom. Required fields are marked *. Prune away infested areas, wash the insects off with the garden hose, and allow natural predators to eat the mites. Here are some problems to watch . This hybrid has a pyramid shape and bright pink flowers. Bottle tree dropping leaves could be a problem, By Peter L. Warren The company with over 20 years experience of delivering best consulting services for personal and business needs. This tree is drought-resistant, but needs occasional, deep irrigation during the warmer weather. Rejuvenating is removal of old branches or the overall reduction of the size of a shrub to restore its original form and size. Featured Image: Brachychiton populneus / Photo by John Robert McPherson / Wikimedia (cropped) / CC BY-SA 4.0. Height. Flowers Generally only trees that are planted in windy, exposed locations need to be staked. Can Native Plants Be Invasive Or Overly Aggressive? . There are a few pests and diseases that can affect kurrajong trees but these are more common for trees grown in rural areas or on farms. It is in leaf all year, in flower from May to July. Special warning: Vandalism is a problem in dense urban areas because bottle tree has such a smooth trunk. Sign up to get all the latest gardening tips! . No, kurrajong trees are actually quite slow-growing. (1981). What are the Indigenous Australian uses for the Kurrajong tree? Brachychiton includes about 30 species of trees native to Australia. I have a couple trees that drop pods, which are very hard and dry when they fall (I havent seen them on the tree yet). Trees that are grown in containers generally do not loose roots in the transplanting phase. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Mulches can significantly cool the root zone and conserve moisture. There are a few pests and diseases that can affect kurrajong trees but these are more common for trees grown in rural areas or on farms. How-to : Planting a Tree Dig out an area for the tree that is about 3 or 4 times the diameter of the container or rootball and the same depth as the container or rootball. Indigenous Australians use the seeds from the kurrajong tree by either roasting them or grounding them up to make a coffee substitute or to make bread. Does anyone have any idea what this tree is? Brachychiton (kurrajong, bottletree) is a genus of 31 species of trees and large shrubs, native to Australia (the centre of diversity, with 30 species), and New Guinea (one species). 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n Keywords: Tropical Tree, Fodder, Ornamental, Drought-Tolerant, . While your tree is still young, you might want to ensure that it gets a little water when conditions are very dry. Here are some problems to watch out for. Remove dead branches and leaves to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases. It has excellent contrasting colours with Jacarandas establishing in 2 to 3 years. The main scaffold branches are generally thick Electric fencing manufactured specifically to deter deer is available. The Brachychiton populneus . Brachychiton populneus will grow in most regions around the country from sub-tropical climates to cooler areas as it is also frost-tolerant. The bottle tree has a tapered trunk, simple, 2-3 inch, glossy-green ovate to lobed leaves, white flowers with pink spots, and fruit that is a brown, woody, boat-shaped pod, (3) the hairs of which can be a skin and eye irritant. There is little in the way of treatment for the disease, so plant resistant varieties of Australian bottle trees to avoid problems. distributed from north-eastern Victoria to Townsville and from the coast through If it forms a tight ball and does not fall apart when gently tapped with a finger, your soil is more than likely clay. Copyright 2000 - 2023 Peter Kirkland - www.plantfile.com, Illawarra Flame Tree, Australian Flame Tree, Well drained, moderately fertile, sandy to clay loam, tending acidic, pH 6.0-7.0, Not normally, may be grown in tubs or planter boxes, Full sun to semi shade, wind protection, drought tolerant, frost tender, Kurrawong leaf tier, tailed emperor caterpillar, kurrajong weevil , crown gall, Native plant food when young after flowering, keep moist during growing period, Train to a single leader when young, remove unwanted branches as required. French drains are ditches that have been filled with gravel. Brachychiton populneus, commonly called Kurrajong, is a native to eastern Keep in mind that it is illegal to divert water onto other people's property. Also known as Dematophora root rot, white root rot disease is a serious threat caused by the fungal pathogen Scytinostroma galactinum. Cause. Plants to 2 m respond Wild Medicine in Australia. Copyright 2023 Backyard Gardener Designed by MotoPress Proudly Powered by WordPress. Seeds are readily germinated and immersion in warm-hot Deterrents may be more effective and humane. The gum exudate can be eaten, the taproot can be eaten and is described as carrot-like(4) or yam-like(1), and the seeds can be ground up and used as a coffee substitute(4). Pronounciation: Brac-ka-CHI-ton po-pul-NAY-us. Taxonomic musings: The genus Brachychiton contains 31 species of trees and shrubs, all native to Australia (30 species) and New Guinea (one species). Battling mosquitoes, Zika; palo verde damage; straw bale gardening, June bugs attack; fending off bunnies; cactus look-alike, Green, green grass of home; shading loquats; lemon tree, Dangerous saguaros; killer mildew on chard; stressed plants, Beware of bees in roof, poisonous locoweed; give thirsty saguaro a drink, Stopping primrose; javelina, cold threaten hibiscus; emu bush in Tucson, Gnats feast on saguaro fungus; hornworms attack; tree topping, Three ways to leave your shrubbery; crepe myrtle love; Queen Victoria, Devastation of flea beetles; black splotches; save your pines, Letter: Re: the Feb. 29. article Bottle tree dropping leaves could be a problem. trimmed to reduce water loss. These are used as food by the Australia aborigines. Choosing a location and preparing the soil, Kurrajong tree problems, pests and diseases, Wear protection if harvesting the seed pods. cropping and also support honey production. Brachychiton populneus. The Australian bottle tree is a pretty specimen with a rounded canopy. Set kill traps to reduce the population. The bottle tree is a fast-growing evergreen with poplar-like, dark green, dense, pointed foliage. After flowering, dark brown, woody seedpods appear that contain yellow seeds. The leaves are quite large and lobed and these create a nice dense canopy. Problems : Waterlogged Soil and Solutions Waterlogged soil occurs when more water is added to soil than can drain out in a reasonable amount of time. Low maintenance plant that requires very little pruning. Drainage must be improved if you are not satisfied with bog gardening. If soil forms a ball, then crumbles readily when lightly tapped, it's a loam. It is okay to plant sod on top of them. Trunk tapers quickly. Recent studies show that if your soil is loose enough, you are better off adding little or no soil amendments. All content on Ultimate Backyard is for general informational purposes only and should not be relied on for decision-making. 2000. Follow label directions for proper application and timing. They are creamy white, or off-white, and decorated with pink or red dots. It showers my front back and side yard with flowers, pods, leaves, and sticks all summer long. Bottle tree, also called kurrajong, is an evergreen with an upright habit. It is a semi-perennial (or semi-deciduous, is the same) tree native to Australia, where it is called kurrajong. Kurrajong bottle trees (Brachychiton populneus) are hardy evergreens from Australia with bottle-shaped trunks that the tree uses for water storage. Kurrajong (Brachychiton populneus). 2023 Gardening Know How, Future US LLC, Full 7th Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036. Tools : Watering Aides No gardener depends 100% on natural rainfall. GENERAL INFO. Cultivated hybrids involving B. populneus display pink or red flowers. When rejuvenating plants with canes, such as nandina, cut back canes at various heights so that plant will have a more natural look. Landscape Plants for Dry Regions: More Than 600 Species from around the World. Trunk tapers quickly. Sometimes called the kurrajong, the Australian bottle tree (Brachychiton populneus) grows best in sunny, warm locations within U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 8 to 11, where . It has the same glossy green foliage but the flowers are a stunning bright red in colour. This is an Australian native that does well here and averages 30 feet tall and wide at maturity. the irritating hairs surrounding the seeds. Flowers are followed by brown pods splitting to reveal yellow-orange seeds. Chances are, you would do more damage to the rootball by removing the basket. The bottle tree is native to and is distributed across eastern Australia (3,4). Naturally The bottle tree doesn't get attacked by many pests but damage to the trunk makes the tree . This is because the bark of the young trees stretch over time, and the old bark forms lacy patterns on the new bark beneath. Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases; Distribution Maps of Plant Pests; Horizon Scanning Tool; Pest Risk Analysis Tool; . If the problem is only on the surface, it maybe diverted to a drainage ditch. 6. A:Your trees are called bottle trees (Brachychiton populneus). It has been widely planted as an . Just dig a hole that is twice the width and as deep as the pot that the tree is currently in. Master GardenersUniversity of Arizona Pima County Cooperative Extension, 4. an allusion to the bristles surrounding the seed in the fruit; populneus - from the Latin 'poplar-like'; the leaves resemble those Drip systems which slowly drip moisture directly on the root system can be purchased at your local home and garden center. 3. Brachychiton populneus. The trees are also called lacebark Kurrajongs. * The key to watering is water deeply and less frequently. Male deer may damage the bottle tree's trunk by rubbing their antlers on the surface. They may strip the bark to get at the soft cambium underneath. You may be surprised to learn that it can take around 35 to 50 years for a kurrajong tree to reach full maturity and a maximum height of 20 metres. Flame Tree (Brachychiton acerifolius) is somewhat taller with red flowers. This species is susceptible to Texas root rot, and should not be planted in areas where this disease is known to occur. and B. gregorii (Desert Kurrajong). B. populneus is a borderline hardy, broadly oval, evergreen tree with ovate, glossy, variably-lobed, dark green leaves and, in summer, cymes of bell-shaped, red-spotted, cream, green, or pink flowers with recurved petal tips. Grafting is also sometimes done to propagate desirable characteristics (4), such as a leaf shape, which tends to vary in this species. The Australian bottle tree (Brachychiton populneus) grows as high as 45 feet and has a sturdy, tapering trunk. Brachychiton populneus, commonly called Kurrajong, is a native to eastern Australia with much value in cultivation. leaves of subspecies populneus have reduced side lobes and appear more Juvenile plants, which display attractive lobed leaves and swollen taproots, This content is currently unavailable. Species. For most trees, a low stake is preferred, to let the tree move naturally. Deciduous trees like maples (those that loose their leaves in the fall) can be dug up and sold with their bare roots exposed. Follow the money. Several quick, light taps could mean a clay loam. It is native to dry forests, wet, coastal areas, and interior, semi-arid areas of Victoria, New South Wales, and Queensland in Australia. Remove any damaged limbs. The tree may weaken where the insects feed, but whiteflies generally do not kill bottle trees. When the eggs hatch, the young larvae consume the seeds concealed within the pods. Description. Propagation of B. can be done from seed or cutting (4). Susceptibility to Pests and Diseases: No Fruit/ Leaves/ Flowers litter: Yes Surface Rooting: Yes Life Span: More than 50 Edible Parts: Plant Propagations: Seed, Cutting. Position tree in center of hole so that the best side faces forward. to the semi-arid inland, B. populneus inhabits various well-drained soil MORE IMAGES HORTICULTURE UNLIMITED IS NOT A NURSERY OR SUPPLIER. Squirrels build nests high in the bottle tree's canopy or nest in existing tree cavities, often enlarging the area to suit them. This is a great tree choice to use around large buildings or as a screen. The common name comes from the shape of the tree's trunk, which is much broader at the base and is used to store water. 1 on Yelp's SW best eateries, Green Valley bite reminder that it's rattler season in Tucson, Yentzer booted from ballot in race for Tucson mayor, Award-winning journalist takes helm of Arizona Daily Star, state news operations, Threats cause Catalina Foothills School District to cancel meeting, 40 fun events happening in Tucson this weekend April 27-30 , Northern lights spotted over Tucson after powerful solar activity, Arizona coach Tommy Lloyd says Wildcats are 'in great shape' despite current holes in roster, Tucson to study creating city-run electric utility; TEP opposed, Pac-12 basketball picks: Soon-to-depart USC is early league favorite; Arizona slotted 3rd, Tucson Opinion: Confused about Prop 412? It has simple ovoid to 3-pointed . My neighbor has a 30 foot bottle tree. Once you have your trees planted, be patient. Buffalo Grass Lawns: Information About The Care Of Buffalo Grass, Apple Tree Burr Knots: What Causes Galls On Apple Tree Limbs, Gardening Around Tree Roots: How To Plant Flowers In Soil With Tree Roots, Witches Broom Fungus Symptoms Of Witches Broom In Blackberries, Home & Garden Marketplace: Advertiser Info. The trees are also called lacebark Kurrajongs. Read on for more information about bottle tree care. characteristics may be grafted onto seedling rootstock. The tap root is also edible and tastes similar to a carrot. Type: . and J.W. Fortunately, bottle trees seem to attract some of the beneficial insects that prey on giant whiteflies, such as lacewings. Pronounciation: Brac-ka-CHI-ton po-pul-NAY-us Hardiness zones Sunset 12-24 USDA 9-11. Light: Full sun, though hot summer western sun can scald the trunk. Many have odd, bulbous trunks for the storage of water during extended periods of dryness such as this Brachychiton rupestris that I came across in a landscape streetscape in Toowoomba, Australia. She served as a restaurant critic for "Time Out Abu Dhabi" and "Time Out Amsterdam" and has also written about food culture in the United Arab Emirates for "M Magazine." Brachychiton populneus is an evergreen Tree growing to 18 m (59ft) by 18 m (59ft) at a fast rate. * Don't wait to water until plants wilt. It has irregular annual flowering numbers and performs better after a dry winter. The extended trunk is a water storage device for survival in a warm dry climate. Hallie Engel is a food and lifestyle writer whose work has appeared in several international publications. "Brachychiton populneus Tree Record." 1995-2023. This is because the bark of the young trees stretch over time, and the old bark forms lacy patterns on the new bark beneath. Take advantage of natural enemies such as ladybug larvae. A type of beetle, the seed weevil has a large protective shell and several pairs of legs. in:Plants for a Future. Unfortunately, pesticides are generally ineffective on spider mites. Urban Forest Ecosystems Institute: SelecTree -- Brachychiton, University of California Integrated Pest Management: Giant Whitefly, University of California Integrated Pest Management: Spider Mites, University of California Integrated Pest Management: Weed Management Around Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, University of California Integrated Pest Management: Deer, University of California Integrated Pest Management: Tree Squirrels, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries: The Kurrajong, The best air purifying plants for your home. application of anti-fungal treatments to open wounds. Mistletoe is a parasitic plant that can attach itself to the kurrajong tree and kill an entire branch. Jones, W. and C. Sacamano. Also expect plants to grow slower and have fewer blooms when light is less than desirable. In fact, if you want a nicely shaped tree with a lovely shade canopy, you might need to prune off some of the lower-growing lateral branches so that you end up with a clean trunk and a dense canopy. The flowers are poisonous to squirrels, according to Your Home, acting as a natural repellent. Watering: Irrigate bottle trrees deeply at least twice a month during summer for best results. Glossary : Drought Tolerant Very few plants, except for those naturally found in desert situations, can tolerate arid soils, but there are plants that seem to be more drought tolerant than others. It is hardy to twenty to twenty-five degrees Fahrenheit and may suffer frost damage in colder, low-lying locations. They also use the taproot as a vegetable. It will not reduce the vigour of your tree. and Donations. that kurrajongs may cause nuisance from their large woody fruit, deep roots Accession Count: 11. Bionanotechnology is the combination of biotechnology and nanotechnology for the development of biosynthetic and environmentally friendly nanomaterial synthesis technology. throw especially if their roots have been deformed by prior culture in nursery containers. You will notice that sun and shade patterns change during the day. flowers with yellowish red inside on short, axillary panicles (on If squirrels are a problem, try planting daffodils around the bottle tree. The leaf photo you sent shows a nutrient deficiency, and that could cause the trees to drop leaves. In late spring, it produces creamy white, bell-shaped blooms streaked with purple. The bell-shaped flowers are variable in colour (pale to pink) while the . soil cultivation, watering and care. Flowers & Fruits: Clusters of bell-shaped, yellow-green A: Your trees are called bottle trees (Brachychiton populneus). Your email address will not be published. While spider mites generally do not kill the tree, they can cause damage similar to giant whiteflies. If underground drains already exist, check to see if they are blocked. In large enough patches, sooty mold can interfere with photosynthesis. Never amend with less than half original soil. Plant is drought tolerant once established. If pruned too vigorously or otherwise harmed, Australian bottle trees become susceptible to predators, though other pests cause damage even when they're healthy. distribution and displays leaves with 3, sometimes 5, narrow lobes. Create a water ring around the outer edge of the hole. Larger trees often come in wire baskets. However, its size makes it too big for small landscapes and more appropriate for parks. Plants have numerous pests and diseases but show resilience to defoliation. UFEI. Conditions : Full Sun Full Sun is defined as exposure to more than 6 hours of continuous, direct sun per day. adult leaf shape. Since some root mass is lost in the digging stage, a light pruning is generally called for. Cal Poly State University, San Luis Obispo. The seeds are hairy but, otherwise, look something like corn kernels. Remove all other extraneous side branches. Trees that are subject to periods of drought are more affected by this pest. Many have odd, bulbous trunks for the storage of water during extended periods of dryness such as this Brachychiton rupestris that I came across in a landscape streetscape in Toowoomba, Australia. Brachychiton 'Griffith Pink'. Both the tree's taproot and seeds are edible and it's . Propagation: Seed; majority of seed lot will germinate with turkey track copyright 2023 Horticulture Unlimited, Inc. All rights reserved. are often retained to provide dense shade and drought fodder. Low maintenance plant that requires very little pruning. Ground-up seeds can be brewed into a coffee substitute or added to bread. The bottle tree (Brachychiton populneus) is an Australian native that does well here, averaging 30 feet tall and wide at maturity. but show resilience to defoliation. This is an Australian native that does well here and averages 30 feet tall and wide at maturity. Facebook Page This particular pest only attacks the seed pods as the larvae feed on the seeds. Conditions : Types of Pruning Types of pruning include: pinching, thinning, shearing and rejuvenating. Plant as you would a b&b plant, but cut as much of the wire away as possible without actually removing the basket. Still not sure if your soil is a sand, clay, or loam? Plants which do not receive sufficient light may become pale in color, have fewer leaves and a "leggy" stretched-out appearance. These can make a world of difference especially under stressful conditions. It is recommended that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a time. Once tree is established, water ring may be leveled. Therefore, they dont require any special care. If so, are the pods edible? Adults look like miniature moths, while the nymphs are oval shaped and have no wings, legs or antennae. Planting your kurrajong tree is as easy as it gets. This is another hybrid cross between Brachychiton populneus and Brachychiton acerifolius but this one has pretty salmon-pink flowers. In Spain we call it braquiquito or bottle tree, referring to the shape that the trunk acquires. is easily the most commonly used Brachychiton in public planting projects in southern California and is a fairly common street tree. Peter L. Warren is the urban horticulture agent for the Pima County Cooperative Extension and the University of Arizona. This can be a severe problem where water tables are high or soils are compacted. This datasheet on Brachychiton populneus covers Identity, Distribution. Species Sign up for our newsletter. Find this plant on campus. If you have just bought a new home or just beginning to garden in your older home, take time to map sun and shade throughout the day. the bottle tree is susceptible to many pests and diseases (4) however, in the low desert of Southern Arizona it is resistant to most disease except for Texas . All contents 2012 Arizona Board of Regents. The addition of organic matter to either sand or clay will result in a loamy soil. An invader from Mexico, the giant whitefly is about 3/16 inch long and is much easier to spot than the common, and much smaller, whitefly. (3 to 5 lobed) leaf form and minority will have aspen like foliage (ovate). The first year is critical. RELATED: How to Grow and Care for an Elaeocarpus eumundi Treei. Common Name: bottle tree, kurrajong. provide enough water to thoroughly saturate the root ball. symptoms include The bottle tree is a fast-growing evergreen with poplar-like, dark green, dense, pointed foliage. Policy, Membership Although some plants will recover from this, all plants will die if they wilt too much (when they reach the permanent wilting point). Propagation: Seed, cuttings. The raw or roasted seeds have been eaten by aboriginal people and are high in protein, zinc, and magnesium(1). The Australian bottle tree (Brachychiton populneus) grows as high as 45 feet and has a sturdy, tapering trunk. You will often hear loam referred to as a sandy loam (having more sand, yet still plenty of organic matter) or a clay loam (heavier on the clay, yet workable with good drainage.) All rights reserved. We are reader-supported and may receive a commission on purchases made through links on this page. It has a broad trunk that tapers into a pyramidal shape when young. I can sw. Special warning: Vandalism is a problem in dense urban areas because bottle tree has such a smooth trunk. The genus name, Brachychiton, is from the Greek words brachys meaning short, and chiton meaning tunic, and refers to the loose seedcoat. Full sun produces best growth. She now enjoys sharing her experience and knowledge with others by writing articles about all facets of gardening and growing plants. Concentrate your efforts on the undersides of the leaves as that is where spider mites generally live. See Champion . Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland, Northern Territory. Growth Habit: Woody, evergreen perennial tree, vigorously upright to 60 feet, pyramidal when young but spreading with age. Dense clusters of beautiful, powdery red bell-like flowers appear in summer and the large leaves are a dull, dark green. The species prefers full sun, withstands reflected heat, and grows best in well-draining soils that are not rocky. It isnt supposed to be deciduous, so if it is dropping leaves unexpectedly, there could be a problem. Fisher Books, 2000. Wait a few years to begin training the tree to its ultimate form. Identity. Plants have numerous pests and diseases Modest size . Ties without spacers should be formed into a figure eight to create padding. It rises to some 50 feet (15 m.) high and wide, offering an evergreen canopy of shiny, lance-shaped or lobed leaves several inches (8 cm.) Growing a Kurrajong bottle tree is not difficult since the species is tolerant of most soils. Prevention and Control: Keep weeds down and remove infested plants. Fungi such as Phytophthora and Pythium affect vascular systems, which cause wilt. Buckle-and-spacer ties can be found at garden centers, they are expandable and have a protective spacer. Conditions : Normal Watering for Outdoor Plants Normal watering means that soil should be kept evenly moist and watered regularly, as conditions require. You should choose a sunny spot to plant your kurrajong tree. Bottle tree fruit pods are resistant to decay, pose Brachychiton populneus (aka Bottle Tree, Black Kurrajong etc.) Prune branches close to the home or other structure. Seeds germinate readily and should be pot up prior to planting out. All Rights Reserved. Protect individual trees with plastic netting, chicken wire or woven wire set in a circle around the tree trunk.

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