Kendra L. Kreider 3. Women make up 46% and girls 19% of all victims of trafficking. Because a child in this situation is often trained not to report what is happening, interactions with adults who might otherwise notice a problem or identify the child as vulnerable, such as teachers, neighbors, doctors, and other adults in the community, instead see the child as shy or failing to thrive. Law enforcement officers were unable to conduct proper investigations and interviews with individuals to obtain the necessary evidence to prosecute human trafficking cases. Monica Maurer The value of collaboration between anti-trafficking actors. Maurice W. Johnson A major focus of this edition of the Report is on trends of detections and convictions that show important changes compared to historical trends since UNODC started to collect data in 2003. Sex trafficking occurs in several industries as well. Some examples of online collaboration between anti-trafficking stakeholders include: Some organizations leveraged technology to innovate systems for victim identification and referrals while others, even some governments, expanded access to training to national and global audiences. In India and Nepal, young girls from poor and rural areas were often expected to leave school to help support their families during the economic hardshipsome were forced into marriage in exchange for money, while others were forced to work to supplement lost income. In the United States, the Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) mandates that financial institutions monitor and report suspected illegal activity, such as human trafficking, as well as certain high-dollar cash transactions. When a person younger than 18 is used to perform a commercial sex act, it is a crime regardless of whether there is any force, fraud, or coercion. A force of nature, she has prioritized achieving systemic change through grassroots action and effective networking. This waiver will allow the United States to continue to provide the assistance, support, and human rights training necessary to achieve these goals, and to help Iraq build its capacity to conduct effective, sustained counterterrorism operations against ISIS. An outstanding and passionate activist, she has led APRAMP to be a pioneer in the implementation of strategies aimed at improving coordination between the judiciary, state security forces, and the national government, which has resulted in an effective blow against criminal organizations responsible for sex trafficking in Spain. Throughout the COVID-19 crisis, a lack of credible and accurate data posed a challenge to effective and efficient anti-trafficking efforts around the world. Such support roles include children serving as cooks, porters, guards, messengers, medics, servants, or spies. Ryan Mulvenna In many cases, the photographs of individuals used in this report are not images of confirmed human trafficking victims. Founding CEO, Survivors for Solutions, featured in ECPAT-USAs Survivor Perspective blog series. For example, Winrock Internationals How to Build Cross-Sectoral Collaboration to Protect Workers in the Age of COVID-19, seeks to initiate cross-sector collaboration and provide guidance for the private sector and anti-trafficking organizations to address increased vulnerability to human trafficking, particularly forced labor, for job seekers, migrant workers, and individuals from vulnerable communities. Are you interested in testing our business solutions? While traffickers used the opportunity of increased numbers of children online to expand their operations, it should be noted that a portion of the increase resulted from the recirculation of sensationalized trafficking-related stories and misinformation on social media platforms. This year marks a major milestonethe 20th anniversary of the TIP Report. Aggregate data fluctuates from one year to the next due to the hidden nature of trafficking crimes, dynamic global events, shifts in government efforts, and a lack of uniformity in national reporting structures. Thailand United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Trafficking in Persons, https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/human-trafficking/index.html, United Nations Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights, https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/hlpf, The Inter-agency Coordination Group against Trafficking in Persons (ICAT), Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, Supplementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime (A/RES/55/25) (2000), United Nations Global Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons (A/RES/64/293) (2010), Political Declaration on the Implementation of the Global Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons (2017) (A/RES/72/1), UNSC Resolutions on Trafficking in Persons in Conflict Situations 2331 (2016) , 2388 (2017) and 2493 (2019 S/RES/2493 ), UNODC Global Report on Trafficking in Persons (2020), Legislative Guide for the Implementation of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children (2020), Model Legislative Provisions against Trafficking in Persons (2020), Female Victims of Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation as Defendants (2021), UNODC Toolkit for Mainstreaming Human Rights and Gender Equality into Criminal Justice Intervention to Address Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Migrants (2021), UN Sustainable Development Goal targets 5.2, 8.7, and 16.2 (SDGs), http://www.ilo.org/sapfl/Informationresources/ILOPublications/Byregion/Global/langen/index.htm, http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:1:0, -P029 Protocol of 2014 and Recommendation R203, supplementing the Forced Labour Convention (1930), -C105 Abolition of Forced Labour Convention (1957), -C182 Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention (1999), -C189 Domestic Workers Convention, and its Recommendation R201 (2011), ILO training package on inspection of labour conditions on board fishing vessels (2020), UN Special Rapporteur on Contemporary Forms of Slavery, UN Special Rapporteur on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution, and Child Pornography, AU Commission Initiative against Trafficking Campaign (AU.COMMIT), October 1, 2020, Virtual Event, 2nd Virtual Technical Meeting on Data Collection on Irregular Migration and Associated Protection Risks towards the Production of a Statistical Report on Human Trafficking and Migrant Smuggling in the Horn of Africa and Surrounding Region, January 23-24, 2020, Bishoftu, Ethiopia, National Stakeholder Workshop on the AU-Horn of Africa Mainstreaming Initiative for Countering Human Trafficking and Migrant Smuggling, (EU/Horn of Africa Migration Route Initiative), Khartoum Declaration on AU-Horn of Africa Initiative on Human Trafficking and Smuggling of Migrants (2014), Valletta Summit Political Declaration (2015), EU-Africa Action Plan on Migration and Mobility (2014-2017), ASEAN Convention Against Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (2015), ASEAN Plan of Action Against Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (2015), The Bali Process Guidelines for Information Sharing to Address People Smuggling, Trafficking in Persons and Related Transnational Crime, The Bali Process Handbook on Addressing Irregular Migration through Effective Information Campaigns, The Bali Process Policy Guides on Criminalizing Migrant Smuggling and Trafficking in Persons, The Bali Process Policy Guides on Identification and Protection of Victims of Trafficking, The Bali Process Policy Guide on Following the Money in Trafficking in Persons Cases, The Bali Process Policy Guide on Returns and Reintegration, Protecting Migrants at Sea: Practical Guide to Fulfilling International Obligations, Corruption as a facilitator of smuggling of migrants and trafficking in persons (2021), Program of Cooperation between the CIS Member States against Trafficking in Persons for 20142018, COMMIT 4th Sub-Regional Plan of Action (COMMIT SPA IV 2015-2018)Victim Identification and Referral Mechanisms: Common Guidelines for the Greater Mekong Sub-region. In addition, SAMHSAs Six Key Principles of a Trauma-Informed Approach refers to the necessity of creating and protecting psychological and physical safety within the organization, fostering trust through transparency, providing peer support, and leveling power differences through collaboration, empowerment, and cultural humility. The international monitor-verified use of children in labor and support roles by certain military battalions increased in conflict zones, predominantly in Rakhine and Kachin States. The economic and social distress generated by the pandemic and related mitigation efforts exacerbated risks for vulnerable and marginalized populations. We know recent events have led our country to grapple with unequal treatment and racism here at home that has reverberated around the world. Traffickers targeted families experiencing financial difficulties and offered false promises and fraudulent job offers to recruit their children, while other families exploited or sold their children to traffickers to financially support themselves. In Uganda, the Human Trafficking Institute (HTI) developed a forum via WhatsApp to establish communication among police and prosecutors during the shutdown. Governments should continue working with neighbors and NGOs to address cross-border trafficking issues and support strong collaboration at the borders to identify and prevent trafficking. The determination to include a government in the CSPA list is informed by a range of sources, including first-hand observation by U.S. government personnel and research and credible reporting from various UN entities, international organizations, local and international NGOs, and international and domestic media outlets. * Islands in the Caribbean Seaalthough part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Aruba, Curaao, and Sint Maarten are covered by the Departments Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs. Enabling human trafficking survivors participation in the regulated financial sector is critical. Gambia, The Brooke Beyer Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy, Human Trafficking in the Context of a Global Pandemic, Changing Human Trafficking Trends Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic, Impacts of COVID-19 on the Anti-Trafficking Community, Adaptations to Anti-Trafficking Efforts in Response to COVID-19, Considerations for the Anti-Trafficking Fields Response to COVID-19 and Beyond, Navigating the Unique Complexities in Familial Trafficking, Unifying Trauma-Informed Practices and Voices of Survivor Leadership, The Negative Impacts of Human Trafficking Misinformation, The Role of the Financial Sector: Promising Practices in the Eradication of Trafficking in Persons, Acknowledging Historical and Ongoing Harm: The Connections between Systemic Racism and Human Trafficking, Child-Friendly Spaces for Survivors of Human Trafficking, Letter on LGBTQI+ Vulnerability to Human Trafficking, When the Government is the Trafficker: State-Sponsored Trafficking in Persons, Funding Restrictions for Tier 3 Countries, TVPA Minimum Standards for the Elimination of Trafficking in Persons, Josiane Lina Bemaka-Soui |Central African Republic, Chantal Sagbo Sasse ep. Peterborough had 14 human trafficking cases alone in 2021 for a rate of 10.9 cases per 100,000 people and had 50 total cases for the 10-year period from 2011 to 2021, a rate of 3.6 cases per . We must ensure that our commitment to victim-centered and trauma- and survivor-informed approaches when serving victims and survivors is uninterrupted. Oman Section 3 provides a list of waivers or exceptions exercised under the CSPA. Gabon Founded in 2001, Sana Sezim has been a premier anti-trafficking organization in Kazakhstan and has greatly advanced efforts within the country to end human trafficking and help labor migrants. It is in the U.S. national interest to support efforts to bring about a negotiated political settlement led by the United Nations Office of the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Yemen. Traffickers often target children because they are more vulnerable. In 2019, official development assistance (ODA) made up one-tenth of external financial flows to developing countries, according to the OECD, which further predicted a decline of up to 8 percent in 2020 due to the impacts of COVID-19 on economies. They told her she could not go see her father, and that she must participate in 15 days of education because she was Muslim and an ethnic Kazakh. Forced labor, also referred to as labor trafficking, encompasses the range of activities involved when a person uses force, fraud, or coercion to obtain the labor or services of another person. She has diligently worked with community members, law enforcement and government officials, and other NGOs to ensure the country is proactively identifying victims and referring them to care. No reported allegations. NATO relies on contributing countries to report allegations as early as third quarter 2021. As of April 5, PKO funding was obligated for the Somali National Army and Somali Ministry of Defense for the following activities: logistical support; stipends; advisory support; training; equipment; and program oversight. Likewise, in a sex trafficking case, an adult victims initial willingness to engage in commercial sex acts is not relevant where a perpetrator subsequently uses coercion to exploit the victim and cause them to continue engaging in the same acts. Peacekeeping Operations (PKO) Consulting with survivors to review existing AML protocols and systems could help to identify gaps and possible improvements. As of April 5, IMET funding was obligated for the following activity: military professionalization training. Anti-trafficking actors in all sectors should increase collaboration with the private sector to strengthen anti-trafficking efforts that encourage and support prevention of forced labor in supply chains, especially as companies aim to make up for pandemic-related production disruptions and widespread unemployment drives vulnerability. List of Waivers or Exceptions Exercised under Section 404(a). Ibusuki has sought justice on behalf of countless foreign workers by providing legal representation for those who are taking action against former employees for labor law violations. In many ways, the United States and other governments face human trafficking challenges and trends today that reflect the living legacy of the systemic racism and colonization globalized during the transatlantic slave trade through chattel slavery and regional practices of indigenous dispossession. Sarah Jennings It is undeniably essential for governments to execute effective, coordinated public health responses to prevent further loss of life and economic damage as a result of the pandemic. At the same time, human traffickers quickly adapted to capitalize on the vulnerabilities exposed and exacerbated by the pandemic. I always expected to test positive, so when I retested, I was in shock when it came back negative. A trauma-informed approach is needed now more than ever. In turn, this training would support our efforts to prevent recruitment of child soldiers. Samantha Novick The President has determined it is in the national interest of the United States to waive the application of the prohibition in section 404(a) of the CSPA with respect to Cameroon and has certified that the Government of Cameroon is taking effective and continuing steps to address the problem of child soldiers. It is essential to have various survivor voices lending feedback into all areas of an organizations work. The chart below shows the Ratification, Accession (a), or Acceptance (A) of relevant international conventions for those countries that have ratified, acceded to, or accepted any such conventions between April 2020 and March 2021. In line with MC Decision 6/17, in 2020 the OSR/CTHB, in co-operation with anti-trafficking Focal Points and DHR, finalized the development of a learning module on combating TIP for the OSCE executive structures as part of the new All OnBoard programme.

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