By doing this, Dr. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. endobj continuity and form. To learn more about insight and non-insight problems here, This site is using cookies under cookie policy . Insight refers toa. /Eth/Ntilde/Ograve/Oacute/Ocircumflex/Otilde/Odieresis/multiply Experts _____ than novices.a. prior learning facilitating problem solving.b. exemplar; source. The analogical paradox refers to problem-solving differences between. b. show how people progress through the . a. what negative feelings will occur following a decision more so than positive feelings. b. a person's mental set can hinder finding a solution to a problem. Experts categorize problems based ona. /BaseFont /Courier-BoldOblique << Except for one order, all orders have arrived within two business days. the need to overcome a difficult obstacle with no obvious solution available. creative cognition.c. experts and novices.b. Greg's account contains. a. seeing more efficient solutions to the problem. multiple goal states.c. /BaseFont /Courier-Bold The argument is weak because there is only one specific case. Gick and Holyoak consider which of the following to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving? >> Curious is studying the effect of ________ on problem solving. pliers are also presented.c. The radiation problem was used in your text to illustrate the role of ____ in problem solving. >> Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked the to make "warmth" judgments every 15 sec. Cassandra has five chapters to red for her upcoming midterm, and she finds the thought of sitting down and reading hundreds of pages at once overwhelming. was to: demonstrate a diff. In the year of 201620162016, the population of the town of Smithfield was 7,2007,2007,200 and growing by 100100100 residents per year. I am a creative type of person. 3 0 obj Functional fixedness would be LOWEST for a(n) _______ identified people's tendency to focus on a specific characteristic of a problem that keeps them from arriving at a solution as a major obstacle to successful problem solving. made the objects themselves.b. Goal is to tie two strings together which are too far apart to be reached. Introducing Cram Folders! Mia's observations are likely influenced from a judgment error based on her using, Jonas bought a new leather jacket after saving for many months for the luxury purchase. The purpose of this experiment was to: demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight. In his hurry, Miguel grabs two identical left-footed, size 6 red sneakers and runs to his mother still sock-footed. Give Me Liberty! << not present a sample design.b. a. people arrive at the solution to an insight problem suddenly, but proceed more methodically towards the solution of a non-insight problem. Gestalt psychologists consider problem solving as a process involvinga. 18 0 obj seeing more efficient solutions to the problem.b. << surface; diminishb. They got to make up sentences tha Analogies are sometimes explored and developed at some length, for purposes of problem-solving. Newell and Simon called the conditions at the beginning of the problem thea. Gick and Holyoak consider which of the following to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving? Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked the to make "warmth" judgments every 15 sec. When the process of analogical problem solving was applied to the fortress and radiation problems, which of the following represented the mapping step of this process? Arrange acrobats in order of ascending size from left to rightb. d. take astronomy or geology as a physical science elective course. the Tower or Hanoi problem is an example of a(n) ____ problem that has been analyzed using the ____ approach. realization of the solution is sudden. flexibilityd. gradually rise; gradually riseb. This research is an example of ______ research. 240 METCALFE AND WIEBE mental warmth protocols than would insight problems.We also expected that people would have more accuratemetacognitions (about how well they would be able tosolve problems and which problems they would be ableto solve) for the noninsight than for the insight problems. In Belilock and Carr's study of the relationship between working memory capacity and problem solving, individuals with high working memory capacity performed best in the ________ condition. /Encoding 16 0 R 19 - Foner, Eric. source; targetb. He now refers to the jacket as his lucky jacket and believes that it has some magical power to give him good fortune. experimental groups and control groups.d. /F10 12 0 R well-defined; information processing. Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem? Divergent thinking is defined as an idea generating process wherein an i Divergent thinking, exploring many solutions in a creative way, was used in the classroom. warmth judgments.d. of a problem that keeps them from arriving at a solution as a major obstacle to successful problem solving. Newell and Simon were early pioneers in designing computer programs that could solve problems. 3, 8, 10, Fill in the blank to complete the trigonometric identity. ] Likening the dangerous mines to the dangerous tumorb. Which of the following is not part of a complete definition of a problem? the water-jug problem demonstrates that one consequence of having a procedure that does provide a solution to a problem is that, if well-learned, it may prevent us from: seeing more efficient solutions to the problem. >> This particular discussion suggests that____ may be more important than ____ in creative thinking. Using a pair of pliers as a paperweightb. The key to the solution is to overcome functional fixedness. All cats are birds. the best description of the purpose of think-aloud protocols is that they are used to determine: what info. The fact that they are able to do so with the help of experts on Earth is similar to the ________ approach developed by Ronald Finke. Most people do not consider these offers and do not make a change to the plans or services that they receive because they do not want to make a decision that requires serious consideration or thought. Gick and Holyoak consider which of the following to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving? Mutilated checkerboard problemd. Involves obstacles between one's current state and a desired goal, c. Has one and only correct or possible answer. /Type /Font His factory still had three cases of cartons, and Ali was told he could take them if he wanted them. Psychologists would NOT classify this scenario as a problem because. d. object with a specific function. Your textbook suggests that a trait that appears to be common to both mental illness and creativity is . illustrative of functional fixedness, people are more likely to solve the candle problem if: which problem provides example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of problem? 40. Will the remaining students be able to shoe-up with the remaining shoes without getting a foot-ache? The radiation problem was used in your text to illustrate the role of ____ in problem solving. c. people often have to backtrack within the problem space to arrive at an answer to a problem. When Sharon asks Wally where they should go for dinner, Wally says "My coworkers keep telling me about that new Japanese place downtown, so it must be a great place to eat." b. Kaplan & simon's exp., presented diff. 16 0 obj she attempts to retrieve the book, but the shelf is a foot above her reach. c. the same for accepted and rejected offers. The evolutionary approach proposes that the Wason problem can be understood in terms of people's. initial statesc. An experiment measures participants' performance in judging syllogisms. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make " warmth " judgments ever 15 seconds to indicate how close the felt they were to a solution . observing people to see how they solve problems in the real world is called ________. endobj stationaryb. Metcalfe and Wiebe << In Kaplan and Simon's experiment, they presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. Jonas's belief in the jacket's cosmic ability is an example of, 8. to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Later, she analyzes the recorded discussions, identifying certain problem-solving techniques. d. discriminating between well- and ill-defined problems. /Type /Font The purpose of this experiment was to: demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight. Greg's friend, Matt, didn't believe his story because Matt knew that tuna are salt-water fish and aren't found in ponds. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Whereas Metcalfe and Wiebe's (1987) participants provided a final warmth rating that indicated that they were certain they found the solution, our participants were instructed to provide warmth ratings only before they reached the solution, and the solution itself acted as the final rating. b. striate nucleus; locus coeruleus, 24. What fraction of 105 is 513?5 \frac{1}{3} ?531? a problem space to nd a solution (Ericsson & Simon, 1993 . The creative cognition approach that Finke used to get people to "invent" useful objects is an example of: In Belilock and Carr's study of the relationship between working memory capacity and problem solving, individuals with high working memory capacity performed best in the ________ condition. b. go out for junior varsity hockey or junior varsity basketball. stream operators.d. Metcalfe & Wiebe gave participants problems to solve & asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. The analogy that makes the solution to the mutilated checkerboard problem obvious is the ____ problem.a. Sales of their calcium-enhanced OJ have been poor, and the product was cancelled. a. spend less time analyzing problems, b. are better at reasoning in general, c. are more likely to be open to new ways of looking at problems, d. take a more effective approach to organizing the solution to a problem. In its discussion of expertise and problem solving, your text identifies the kind of scientist who are most likely to make revolutionary discoveries in their fields. The purpose of this experiment was to 27. Holyoak and Koh presented different versions of the light bulb problem to assist in solving the radiation problem. The Tower of Hanoi problem is an example of a(n) ____ problem that has been analyzed using the ____ approach.a. schemas. Using a tire as a swing seat and as a football practice targetc. restructuring goal states.c. /F9 11 0 R well-definedc. b. situationally-produced mental set, c. environmental functional fixedness. How will Janet retrieve the book? problems that have a clear identifiable solution. demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. The purpose of this experiment was to demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. present multiple sample de, Phoenix Decorating Company is responsible for designing and building many of the floral floats seen in the Tournament of Roses Parade every New Year's Day. Illustrative of functional fixedness, people are more likely to solve the candle problem if. intermediate states. The analogical paradox refers to problem-solving differences between A researcher records a brainstorming session in an industrial research and development department rather than in an artificial laboratory setting. Error rates are then calculated for each syllogism. (This is called a Subduction Zone). Newell and Simon were early pioneers in designing computer programs that could solve problems. d. how a person's expertise increases his or her likelihood of solving a problem, relative to a beginner. Once they created an object, they were given the name of an object category and instructed to interpret their creation as a practical object or device withi, Novel objects before a function was described, Finke's creating an object studies show that people were more likely to come up with creative uses for pre-inventive objects if theya. /Name /F9 endobj In the two-string problem, tying the pliers to one of the strings best represents a(n) _______ state. << 15 0 obj The analogy that makes the solution to the mutilated checkerboard problem obvious is the problem. present one sample design for a brief period.c. EXPERIMENT 1 Method Subjects. The text's discussion of the research on in vivo problem solving highlighted that ______ play(s) an important role in solving scientific problems. She usually takes the street to the south when heading southbound on the freeway to work, but that street is closed for repairs for three months. b. are influenced by the atmosphere effect. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. warmth judgments on nearness to a solution _____ prior to the solution of an insight problem & ______ prior to the solution of a non-insight one. mental sets. b. 8 0 obj /eth/ntilde/ograve/oacute/ocircumflex/otilde/odieresis/divide Holly was in her mother-in-law's kitchen preparing lunch for the family. One of the students, Miguel, is leaving early, so the teacher tells him to grab his shoes and report to the lobby. /Type /Font well-definedd. /XObject 19 0 R Conclusion: The sun is going to rise in Nashville tomorrow. The solution to the candle problem involves realizing that the Illustrative of functional fixedness, people are more likely to solve the candle problem if A ______ string led to a restructured representation in the two-string problem. Psychologists would NOT classify this scenario as a problem because: a.the solution is immediately obvious.b.there is an obstacle between the present state and the goal state.c.the goal state is not clearly defined.d.the initial state is not clearly defined. The information processing approach describes problem solving as a process involvinga. The fortress problem involves a fortress and marching soldiers, while the radiation problem involves a tumor and rays. black and pinkd. than about differences in information processing associated with the presence or absence of insight. c. show that some problems are easier to solve than others. The tuna swam away across the pond." >> d. degree of risk aversion one has. Developing schemas for each i, Considering the fortress and the radiation problems together, the fortress problem represents the _____ problem.a. to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Metcalfe & Wiebe gave participants problems to solve & asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. >> A researcher records a brainstorming session in an industrial research and development department. 17. Amber lives in a housing development between two parallel streets that both connect to a freeway. /agrave/aacute/acircumflex/atilde/adieresis/aring/ae/ccedilla Wally and Sharon are out on a date. 4 0 obj b. had received training in creative thinking. b. which people can be considered more creative in ability to solve problems. Acrobats must be of equal weightd. familiar object.c. b. search. intermediate states.b. Dual systems theory suggests that we have two systems that operate in cognition: one involving a fast, intuitive, non-conscious process, and the other, a slower, reflective, conscious processing system. Your textbook suggests that a trait that appears to be common to both mental illness and creativity is _______. Considering the fortress and the radiation problems together, the fortress problem represents the ______ problem. The main purpose of their experiment was to demonstrate that. The purpose of this experiment was to A) demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. emotional fixedness would be LOWEST for a(n). /Type /Font << Using a juice glass as a container for orange juiced. means-end analysis.c. d. can cite several reasons for their position on a controversial issue but none for the opposing side. b. ability to work well with a group of others. intermediate state.b. in vivo problem solving. object with a specific function. She attempts to retrieve the book, but the shelf is a foot above her reach. After a substantial list has been created, they then go through every idea and rate its merits or deficits, until they come up with the best idea to pitch to the corporate sponsor. goalc. target, Ali works for Citrus Squeeze, a company that makes orange juice. c. It is the cornerstone of creativity. The ability to shift experience from one problem solving situation to a similar problem is known as, The radiation problem can be solved using. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. The solution to the candle problem involves realizing that the. Noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before they notice a connection, b. Mapping corresponding parts between the problems because the elements are difficult to identify, c. Applying the mapping to generate a parallel solution because of the difficulty in generalizing from one problem to another, d. Solving the problem through reorganization because past experience can make it more difficult to reorganize a problem, The fortress problem involves a fortress and marching soldiers, while the radiation problem involves a tumor and rays. They found the ________ version to be more effective, because it had ______ features in common with the radiation problem. the purpose of the exp. /ExtGState << /GS1 17 0 R >> She usually takes the street to the south when heading southbound on the freeway to work, but that street is closed for repairs for three months. >> goal state.d. participants in the _____ group had the fastest response time. Which of the following provides the best example of functional fixedness? The purpose of this experiment was to, Ann takes the street to the south when heading southbound to work, but that street is closed for repairs. If a motorcycle cop believes that young female drivers speed more than other drivers, he will likely notice young female drivers speeding in the fast lane but fail to notice young male or older drivers doing the same. -Without lifting your pencil from the paper, draw exactly four straight, connected lines that will go through all nine dots, but through each dot only once, Problem - insight problem solvers are not aware of how close they. The radiation problem was used in your text to illustrate the role of ____ in problem solving.a. May 2013. prior learning hindering problem solving.c. The purpose of this experiment was to ( Multiple Choice) Question 19 Amber lives in a housing development between two parallel streets that both connect to a freeway. >> Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. >> The elements of the problem space include all of the following EXCEPTa. 35. The text's discussion of the research on in vivo problem solving highlighted that ____ play(s) an important role in solving scientific problems. History 1301-Ch. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. insight.d. 1 0 obj d. subjective utility values following a decision. means-end analysisb. When she was ready to dish up the soup, she searched all the cupboards and drawers for a ladle but couldn't find one. The purpose of the experiment was to; a. show how people progress through the problem space as they solve a problem. 34. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser. This problem demonstrates mental set, which is a preconceived notion about how to approach a problem, all the possible states before a problem is solved, how people represent a problem in their mind, solving a problem involves reorganization or restructuring. Many people receive unsolicited calls from telemarketers or unwanted junk mailers advertising offers for products such as cable or Internet services or cellular phone companies. sourceb. Metcalfe and Wiebe found that heat levels gradually increased before people found an adequate solution to the former type of problem, whereas the latter type of problem called "incremental" problems. colorc. endobj Tower of Hanoi problemb. She decided to wait until her mother-in-law returned to ask her, Which of the following provides the best example of functional fixedness?a. Holly's ability to solve the "dish up the soup" problem was hindered by which of the following obstacles? d. mental sets. /Subtype /Type1 . The purpose of this experiment was to: Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem? Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. bring the problem solver closer and closer to the goal state.d. Experts possess more knowledge about their fields than novices.b. ______ identified people's tendency to focus on a specific charac. ill-defined; information processingc. 5 0 obj Gick and Holyoak proposed that analogical problem solving involves the following three steps, Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 25 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. c. The argument is weak because the observation does not consider other cities. Sales of their calcium-enhanced OJ have been poor, and the product was cancelled. /BaseFont /Times-BoldItalic rise suddenly just; gradually r. Functional fixedness would be LOWEST for a(n)a. novel object.b. a. break up or stay involved with a current girlfriend. xZMsFWLU F'VNkF0@u pQ$~q~G"YD[1?WN|0Rh4S"1ft;/y:hp8IxzrHt*TMH%|N8QeZ2)7hgBEeg]._8k/Eb:ow_;!LLsWkYJGt1k(Xr o+@h~;Lc1I-#]?}Q:. warmth Insight- remain low until just before the problem is solved, Successful problem-solving is a result of, restructuring the representation of the problem, focus on specific characteristics of the problem that keeps them from arriving at a solution, restricting the use of an object to its familiar functions, functional fixedness hinders problem solving. search. Their research program was based on the idea that problem solving is a process that involvesa. Kaplan and Simon's experiment presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. Experts possess more knowledge about their fields than novices. Which of the following is an operator for the acrobat problem?a. structural; enhance. 22 . gradually rise; rise suddenly justc. The purpose of the experiment was to demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. Noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before they notice a connection. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Introducing Cram Folders! does have a clear identifiable solution. She decided to wait until her mother-in-law returned to ask her where the ladle was, leaving the soup in the stove pot. a. Likening the dangerous mines to the dangerous tumor, b. When she was ready to dish up the soup, she searched all the cupboards and drawers for a ladle but couldn't find one. /Subtype /Type1 /Subtype /Type1 Noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before th, Noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before they notice a connection, Gick and Holyoak proposed that analogical problem solving involves the following three steps:a. restructuring, searching, and simulating.b. ill-defined; Gestaltb. /Type /Font 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. insufficient-intensi, Gentner and coworkers' studies show that analogical encoding causes problem solvers to pay attention to ____ features that ____ their ability to solve other problems.a. The best description of the purpose of thing-aloud protocols is that they are used to determine What information a person is attending to while solving a problem. << << Glinda is sure that if her boyfriend proposes, she will feel elation. general principles that problems share.c. Please sign in to share these flashcards. Actions that take the problem from one state to another are known as. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. b. are more likely to purchase meat advertised as 80% fat free than 20% fat. b. match box can be used as a shelf. Novel objects before a function was described. The circle problem, in which the task is to determine the length of a line inside acircle, was proposed to illustrate: a. Howanalogies can be used to solve problems. b. general principles that problems share. If you are given the information that in order to vote in a presidential election, you must be at least 18 years of age, and that Will voted in the last presidential election, you can logically conclude that Will is at least 18 years old. c. had been preselected as "creative" individuals. /BaseFont /Courier A syllogism is valid if the conclusion follows logically from the two premises. The purpose of this experiment was to. parity.d. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. the means-end analysis, To reduce the likelihood of design fixation when completing a creative design task, you shoulda. Wally's response illustrates the use of a(n)________. Bonnie placed an order yesterday, and she expects to receive her order tomorrow. goal state.c. The purpose of this experiment was to. Janet is alone in a room that has a chair & shelf w/ a book resting on top. As a student, she was deeply concerned with issues of discrimination and social justice, and she participated in anti- nuclear demonstrations. c. structural features. Cecile's emotions are influenced by. The purpose of this experiment was to Tw string problem Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem?

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