scabbing after microneedling
Every Dermapen tip is outfitted with 12 needles and features our patented technologies, which include SureSpace and SafLok. Microneedling causestrauma to the skin. I developed significant scabs around my eyes after my first microneedling session. Microneedling is also safe for sensitive areas, such as near the eyes, that are not suitable for some treatments like peeling and skin resurfacing. Will it heal up nicely ?? It's also called: skin needling collagen. I have senisitive skin. Microneedling creates a large number of tiny punctures in the skin, which your body responds to by initiating repair. Im scheduled for another session in a month and Im unsure about processing with that due to my down time with this session. If youre experiencing a medical issue, please contact a healthcare professional or dial 911 immediately. I was treated with a new type of pen (36 needles instead of 12), would this have caused the scabbing? Patients will most likely experience their skin peeling after the microneedling treatment. It allows for the production of healthy melanocytes, which can actually decrease hyperpigmentation (darkening of an area of the skin) caused by abnormal melanocytes. Thank you for your question! Enter your location information to find a Dermapen Skin Care Professional. In the meantime, I would soak the area with a dilute vinegar and water soak (2-3 tsp offresh white vinegar in 2 pints water) for 10 minutes 4 times a day and thenapply Aquaphor ointmentor Vaseline petroleum jelly to the area. Todays monday, Ive got it done Friday morning . My skin sloughs off every 2-3 days, and I am not sure if that is interfering with the healing process. This gives the skin time to heal. I had TCA Cross 100% done Dec 2017 and have seen some improvement, scars are more shallow but they are still there. Martin|St. PRP contains growth factors which will help to rebuild the collagen in the skin and can help with scarring. It will be difficult for me to take multiple days off work so would need something that will have a quicker recovery time. Microneedling can cause minor scabbing and flaking for a couple days post procedure. A procedure that uses tiny needles to treat scars, enlarged pores, wrinkles, and stretch marks. Park Meadows Cosmetic Surgery Aesthetics welcomes men and women from Lone Tree, Denver, and the surrounding areas of Colorado. I would recommend microneedling with PRP for you. The procedure causes small injuries to the skin that the body works to repair which sometimes results in scabbing. How long will scabs take to heal after treatment? + 1 (724).633.7620 Canada Learn the difference between professional and home dermarollers. READ MORE 2 EXPERT ANSWERS After TCA Cross 100%, what would be best for my skin? [hidden name="name" value="Find a Dermapen Provider"] Additionally, microneedling may create miniature scabs in the first 24 - 72 hours following treatment. When not preformed properly, improper microneedling techniques can scratch the skin What is suitable serum to use with microneedling pen for treating face scars? This apprears to be from an overly aggressive treatment. Fibroblasts are responsible for collagen production. After scabbing subsides, skin and texture should improve. is vitamin c serum suitable ? The peeling that occurs after microneedling is the shedding of old, damaged skin. If you have any concerns, contact your doctor for a follow-up appointment. I would be concerned if this occurred. Will it permanently leave scars. I would recommend microneedling with PRP for you. When swelling does occur, it is subtle and subsides in about three days. Best of luck to you, Dr. Nima! Patients need to avoid scrubbing or picking off scab tissue to encourage healthy new skin development. You may note pin point (petechial) bleeding with some flaking post-procedure. Additionally, studies have shown that patients whose skin was pre-treated with topical Vitamin C creams experienced a notable measure of growth in elastin and collagen fibers following microneedling treatments, resulting in younger looking skin. I had micro needling 5 days ago. She used 0.5-1.0 depth on the pen. This peeling is minimal (similar to a mild sunburn) and usually subsides within a few days. There may be some. Redness and swelling is expected for roughly three days after microneedling. Each session helps to build elastin and collagen improving the Microneedling is a very popular treatment and very effective to help improve the texture of the skin due to conditions like acne scarring for example. Pre and post treatment with a product such as Alastin Nectar can help with thehealing (bruising,swelling)and outcome. For more information about microneedling aftercare, schedule a complimentary cosmetic consultation at 720-457-4471. As with any treatment, it is entirely operator dependent. Skin may also feel warm, tight, and itchy for up to 48 hours. Hello there, Hello and thank you for your question. Dermapen Microneedling Devices are exclusively sold to Medical and Skin Care Professionals. hello@dermapen.com. The average which we recommend at the clinic is 6-8 sessions, 4-6 weeks apart and then maintenance 2-3 times in an year. . However, it is not normal to have multiple large/thick scabbing. As with any treatment, it is entirely operator dependent. When not preformed properly, improper microneedling techniques can scratch the skin What is suitable serum to use with microneedling pen for treating face scars? }, false ); document.getElementById( "ak_js" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Medical Clinics and Spas can offer their patients the worlds most advanced microneedling treatments with Dermapen, Copyright 2023 Dermapen, All Rights Reserved | FD Holdings LLC, Dermapen Certified Microneedling Training. [hidden name="guid" value="0c57b5da-9702-4b06-9e99-263df62e8541"]. It is not typical to experience scabbing from this treatment. Review all your medications and supplements with your provider prior to your next microneedling procedure as certain ones can promote bruising. 3 days post microneedling and my face looks horrible , looks like track marks on forehead after skin has peeled, under eyes look gaulded, sides of nose scabbed , and black pin point dots. How long do the effects of microneedling Last? I am on day 5 and still dont want to show my face in public. Is this common?I looked at tons of photos and can't find any photos of after pictures like my face. Microneedling works by using extremely small needles to pierce the very top layers of the skin, which promotes skin growth and collagen production. Vivace is a powerful microneedling system that uses radiofrequency. While we do connect people with vetted, board-certified doctors, we dont provide medical consultations, diagnosis, or advice. scabbing pimples Comparing microneedling Microneedling can be used on: your face scalp body It's a newer skin procedure than microdermabrasion. Please Select*Professional interested in the DermapenProfessional interested in Inderma productsDermapen customer looking to reorderPatient interested in Inderma products. Some patients experience scabbing after Morpheus8 but it is only temporary. However, if you have large scabs, this could mean the procedure was not performed correctly or too aggressively. These scabs should shed once the underlying skin has completely healed. PRP contains growth factors which will help to rebuild the collagen in the skin and can help with scarring. It shoots a laser column into skin that feels like warm sparksnot painful at all compared to microneedling. Each session helps to build elastin and collagen improving the Microneedling is a very popular treatment and very effective to help improve the texture of the skin due to conditions like acne scarring for example. In my experience, most patients will experience some rough, dry, irritated, sensitive areas. Maybe the hard covering was a scab? Benefits Of Radiofrequency Microneedling Treatment While we do connect people with vetted, board-certified doctors, we dont provide medical consultations, diagnosis, or advice. Your picture looks more like bruising than crusting. The mechanism of action is that it causes hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling. I recommend seeking the advice of a board certified dermatologist in your area in regards to treating the skin now. Microneedling is a popular procedure using tiny needle pricks to treat acne scars, wrinkles, large pores, and more. Immediately after the microneedling Dr. Levin followed up with LaseMD. If youre experiencing a medical issue, please contact a healthcare professional or dial 911 immediately. At-home dermaroller kits can cost . It was a hard covering over the scar and i took my finger nail and scrapped it now the hard covering it not there but the scar still is and its a small circle. Sarah RNBSN. Thanks for asking. Bruising can last longer than redness and swelling but will not effect the outcome. When getting procedures done make sure your going to a qualified, experienced provider. 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of",s_a[146]="Ailinginae|Ailinglaplap|Ailuk|Arno|Aur|Bikar|Bikini|Bokak|Ebon|Enewetak|Erikub|Jabat|Jaluit|Jemo|Kili|Kwajalein|Lae|Lib|Likiep|Majuro|Maloelap|Mejit|Mili|Namorik|Namu|Rongelap|Rongrik|Toke|Ujae|Ujelang|Utirik|Wotho|Wotje",s_a[147]="Martinique",s_a[148]="Adrar|Assaba|Brakna|Dakhlet Nouadhibou|Gorgol|Guidimaka|Hodh Ech Chargui|Hodh El Gharbi|Inchiri|Nouakchott|Tagant|Tiris Zemmour|Trarza",s_a[149]="Agalega Islands|Black River|Cargados Carajos Shoals|Flacq|Grand Port|Moka|Pamplemousses|Plaines Wilhems|Port Louis|Riviere du Rempart|Rodrigues|Savanne",s_a[150]="Mayotte",s_a[151]="Aguascalientes|Baja California|Baja California Sur|Campeche|Chiapas|Chihuahua|Coahuila de Zaragoza|Colima|Distrito Federal|Durango|Guanajuato|Guerrero|Hidalgo|Jalisco|Mexico|Michoacan de Ocampo|Morelos|Nayarit|Nuevo Leon|Oaxaca|Puebla|Queretaro de Arteaga|Quintana Roo|San Luis Potosi|Sinaloa|Sonora|Tabasco|Tamaulipas|Tlaxcala|Veracruz-Llave|Yucatan|Zacatecas",s_a[152]="Chuuk (Truk)|Kosrae|Pohnpei|Yap",s_a[153]="Midway Islands",s_a[154]="Balti|Cahul|Chisinau|Chisinau|Dubasari|Edinet|Gagauzia|Lapusna|Orhei|Soroca|Tighina|Ungheni",s_a[155]="Fontvieille|La Condamine|Monaco-Ville|Monte-Carlo",s_a[156]="Arhangay|Bayan-Olgiy|Bayanhongor|Bulgan|Darhan|Dornod|Dornogovi|Dundgovi|Dzavhan|Erdenet|Govi-Altay|Hentiy|Hovd|Hovsgol|Omnogovi|Ovorhangay|Selenge|Suhbaatar|Tov|Ulaanbaatar|Uvs",s_a[157]="Saint Anthony|Saint Georges|Saint Peter's",s_a[158]="Agadir|Al Hoceima|Azilal|Ben Slimane|Beni Mellal|Boulemane|Casablanca|Chaouen|El Jadida|El Kelaa des Srarhna|Er Rachidia|Essaouira|Fes|Figuig|Guelmim|Ifrane|Kenitra|Khemisset|Khenifra|Khouribga|Laayoune|Larache|Marrakech|Meknes|Nador|Ouarzazate|Oujda|Rabat-Sale|Safi|Settat|Sidi Kacem|Tan-Tan|Tanger|Taounate|Taroudannt|Tata|Taza|Tetouan|Tiznit",s_a[159]="Cabo Delgado|Gaza|Inhambane|Manica|Maputo|Nampula|Niassa|Sofala|Tete|Zambezia",s_a[160]="Caprivi|Erongo|Hardap|Karas|Khomas|Kunene|Ohangwena|Okavango|Omaheke|Omusati|Oshana|Oshikoto|Otjozondjupa",s_a[161]="Aiwo|Anabar|Anetan|Anibare|Baiti|Boe|Buada|Denigomodu|Ewa|Ijuw|Meneng|Nibok|Uaboe|Yaren",s_a[162]="Bagmati|Bheri|Dhawalagiri|Gandaki|Janakpur|Karnali|Kosi|Lumbini|Mahakali|Mechi|Narayani|Rapti|Sagarmatha|Seti",s_a[163]="Drenthe|Flevoland|Friesland|Gelderland|Groningen|Limburg|Noord-Brabant|Noord-Holland|Overijssel|Utrecht|Zeeland|Zuid-Holland",s_a[164]="Netherlands Antilles",s_a[165]="Iles Loyaute|Nord|Sud",s_a[166]="Akaroa|Amuri|Ashburton|Bay of Islands|Bruce|Buller|Chatham Islands|Cheviot|Clifton|Clutha|Cook|Dannevirke|Egmont|Eketahuna|Ellesmere|Eltham|Eyre|Featherston|Franklin|Golden Bay|Great Barrier Island|Grey|Hauraki Plains|Hawera|Hawke's Bay|Heathcote|Hikurangi|Hobson|Hokianga|Horowhenua|Hurunui|Hutt|Inangahua|Inglewood|Kaikoura|Kairanga|Kiwitea|Lake|Mackenzie|Malvern|Manaia|Manawatu|Mangonui|Maniototo|Marlborough|Masterton|Matamata|Mount Herbert|Ohinemuri|Opotiki|Oroua|Otamatea|Otorohanga|Oxford|Pahiatua|Paparua|Patea|Piako|Pohangina|Raglan|Rangiora|Rangitikei|Rodney|Rotorua|Runanga|Saint Kilda|Silverpeaks|Southland|Stewart Island|Stratford|Strathallan|Taranaki|Taumarunui|Taupo|Tauranga|Thames-Coromandel|Tuapeka|Vincent|Waiapu|Waiheke|Waihemo|Waikato|Waikohu|Waimairi|Waimarino|Waimate|Waimate West|Waimea|Waipa|Waipawa|Waipukurau|Wairarapa South|Wairewa|Wairoa|Waitaki|Waitomo|Waitotara|Wallace|Wanganui|Waverley|Westland|Whakatane|Whangarei|Whangaroa|Woodville",s_a[167]="Atlantico Norte|Atlantico Sur|Boaco|Carazo|Chinandega|Chontales|Esteli|Granada|Jinotega|Leon|Madriz|Managua|Masaya|Matagalpa|Nueva Segovia|Rio San Juan|Rivas",s_a[168]="Agadez|Diffa|Dosso|Maradi|Niamey|Tahoua|Tillaberi|Zinder",s_a[169]="Abia|Abuja Federal Capital Territory|Adamawa|Akwa Ibom|Anambra|Bauchi|Bayelsa|Benue|Borno|Cross River|Delta|Ebonyi|Edo|Ekiti|Enugu|Gombe|Imo|Jigawa|Kaduna|Kano|Katsina|Kebbi|Kogi|Kwara|Lagos|Nassarawa|Niger|Ogun|Ondo|Osun|Oyo|Plateau|Rivers|Sokoto|Taraba|Yobe|Zamfara",s_a[170]="Niue",s_a[171]="Norfolk Island",s_a[172]="Northern Islands|Rota|Saipan|Tinian",s_a[173]="Akershus|Aust-Agder|Buskerud|Finnmark|Hedmark|Hordaland|More og Romsdal|Nord-Trondelag|Nordland|Oppland|Oslo|Ostfold|Rogaland|Sogn og Fjordane|Sor-Trondelag|Telemark|Troms|Vest-Agder|Vestfold",s_a[174]="Ad Dakhiliyah|Al Batinah|Al Wusta|Ash Sharqiyah|Az Zahirah|Masqat|Musandam|Zufar",s_a[175]="Balochistan|Federally Administered Tribal Areas|Islamabad Capital Territory|North-West Frontier Province|Punjab|Sindh",s_a[176]="Aimeliik|Airai|Angaur|Hatobohei|Kayangel|Koror|Melekeok|Ngaraard|Ngarchelong|Ngardmau|Ngatpang|Ngchesar|Ngeremlengui|Ngiwal|Palau Island|Peleliu|Sonsoral|Tobi",s_a[177]="Bocas del Toro|Chiriqui|Cocle|Colon|Darien|Herrera|Los Santos|Panama|San Blas|Veraguas",s_a[178]="Bougainville|Central|Chimbu|East New Britain|East Sepik|Eastern Highlands|Enga|Gulf|Madang|Manus|Milne Bay|Morobe|National Capital|New Ireland|Northern|Sandaun|Southern Highlands|West New Britain|Western|Western Highlands",s_a[179]="Alto Paraguay|Alto Parana|Amambay|Asuncion (city)|Boqueron|Caaguazu|Caazapa|Canindeyu|Central|Concepcion|Cordillera|Guaira|Itapua|Misiones|Neembucu|Paraguari|Presidente Hayes|San Pedro",s_a[180]="Amazonas|Ancash|Apurimac|Arequipa|Ayacucho|Cajamarca|Callao|Cusco|Huancavelica|Huanuco|Ica|Junin|La Libertad|Lambayeque|Lima|Loreto|Madre de Dios|Moquegua|Pasco|Piura|Puno|San Martin|Tacna|Tumbes|Ucayali",s_a[181]="Abra|Agusan del Norte|Agusan del Sur|Aklan|Albay|Angeles|Antique|Aurora|Bacolod|Bago|Baguio|Bais|Basilan|Basilan City|Bataan|Batanes|Batangas|Batangas City|Benguet|Bohol|Bukidnon|Bulacan|Butuan|Cabanatuan|Cadiz|Cagayan|Cagayan de Oro|Calbayog|Caloocan|Camarines Norte|Camarines Sur|Camiguin|Canlaon|Capiz|Catanduanes|Cavite|Cavite City|Cebu|Cebu City|Cotabato|Dagupan|Danao|Dapitan|Davao City Davao|Davao del Sur|Davao Oriental|Dipolog|Dumaguete|Eastern Samar|General Santos|Gingoog|Ifugao|Iligan|Ilocos Norte|Ilocos Sur|Iloilo|Iloilo City|Iriga|Isabela|Kalinga-Apayao|La Carlota|La Union|Laguna|Lanao del Norte|Lanao del Sur|Laoag|Lapu-Lapu|Legaspi|Leyte|Lipa|Lucena|Maguindanao|Mandaue|Manila|Marawi|Marinduque|Masbate|Mindoro Occidental|Mindoro Oriental|Misamis Occidental|Misamis Oriental|Mountain|Naga|Negros Occidental|Negros Oriental|North Cotabato|Northern Samar|Nueva Ecija|Nueva Vizcaya|Olongapo|Ormoc|Oroquieta|Ozamis|Pagadian|Palawan|Palayan|Pampanga|Pangasinan|Pasay|Puerto Princesa|Quezon|Quezon City|Quirino|Rizal|Romblon|Roxas|Samar|San Carlos (in Negros Occidental)|San Carlos (in Pangasinan)|San Jose|San Pablo|Silay|Siquijor|Sorsogon|South Cotabato|Southern Leyte|Sultan Kudarat|Sulu|Surigao|Surigao del Norte|Surigao del Sur|Tacloban|Tagaytay|Tagbilaran|Tangub|Tarlac|Tawitawi|Toledo|Trece Martires|Zambales|Zamboanga|Zamboanga del Norte|Zamboanga del Sur",s_a[182]="Pitcaim Islands",s_a[183]="Dolnoslaskie|Kujawsko-Pomorskie|Lodzkie|Lubelskie|Lubuskie|Malopolskie|Mazowieckie|Opolskie|Podkarpackie|Podlaskie|Pomorskie|Slaskie|Swietokrzyskie|Warminsko-Mazurskie|Wielkopolskie|Zachodniopomorskie",s_a[184]="Acores (Azores)|Aveiro|Beja|Braga|Braganca|Castelo Branco|Coimbra|Evora|Faro|Guarda|Leiria|Lisboa|Madeira|Portalegre|Porto|Santarem|Setubal|Viana do Castelo|Vila Real|Viseu",s_a[185]="Adjuntas|Aguada|Aguadilla|Aguas Buenas|Aibonito|Anasco|Arecibo|Arroyo|Barceloneta|Barranquitas|Bayamon|Cabo Rojo|Caguas|Camuy|Canovanas|Carolina|Catano|Cayey|Ceiba|Ciales|Cidra|Coamo|Comerio|Corozal|Culebra|Dorado|Fajardo|Florida|Guanica|Guayama|Guayanilla|Guaynabo|Gurabo|Hatillo|Hormigueros|Humacao|Isabela|Jayuya|Juana Diaz|Juncos|Lajas|Lares|Las Marias|Las Piedras|Loiza|Luquillo|Manati|Maricao|Maunabo|Mayaguez|Moca|Morovis|Naguabo|Naranjito|Orocovis|Patillas|Penuelas|Ponce|Quebradillas|Rincon|Rio Grande|Sabana Grande|Salinas|San German|San Juan|San Lorenzo|San Sebastian|Santa Isabel|Toa Alta|Toa Baja|Trujillo Alto|Utuado|Vega Alta|Vega Baja|Vieques|Villalba|Yabucoa|Yauco",s_a[186]="Ad Dawhah|Al Ghuwayriyah|Al Jumayliyah|Al Khawr|Al Wakrah|Ar Rayyan|Jarayan al Batinah|Madinat ash Shamal|Umm Salal",s_a[187]="Reunion",s_a[188]="Alba|Arad|Arges|Bacau|Bihor|Bistrita-Nasaud|Botosani|Braila|Brasov|Bucuresti|Buzau|Calarasi|Caras-Severin|Cluj|Constanta|Covasna|Dimbovita|Dolj|Galati|Giurgiu|Gorj|Harghita|Hunedoara|Ialomita|Iasi|Maramures|Mehedinti|Mures|Neamt|Olt|Prahova|Salaj|Satu Mare|Sibiu|Suceava|Teleorman|Timis|Tulcea|Vaslui|Vilcea|Vrancea",s_a[189]="Adygeya (Maykop)|Aginskiy Buryatskiy (Aginskoye)|Altay (Gorno-Altaysk)|Altayskiy (Barnaul)|Amurskaya (Blagoveshchensk)|Arkhangel'skaya|Astrakhanskaya|Bashkortostan (Ufa)|Belgorodskaya|Bryanskaya|Buryatiya (Ulan-Ude)|Chechnya (Groznyy)|Chelyabinskaya|Chitinskaya|Chukotskiy (Anadyr')|Chuvashiya (Cheboksary)|Dagestan (Makhachkala)|Evenkiyskiy (Tura)|Ingushetiya (Nazran')|Irkutskaya|Ivanovskaya|Kabardino-Balkariya (Nal'chik)|Kaliningradskaya|Kalmykiya (Elista)|Kaluzhskaya|Kamchatskaya (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy)|Karachayevo-Cherkesiya (Cherkessk)|Kareliya (Petrozavodsk)|Kemerovskaya|Khabarovskiy|Khakasiya (Abakan)|Khanty-Mansiyskiy (Khanty-Mansiysk)|Kirovskaya|Komi (Syktyvkar)|Komi-Permyatskiy (Kudymkar)|Koryakskiy (Palana)|Kostromskaya|Krasnodarskiy|Krasnoyarskiy|Kurganskaya|Kurskaya|Leningradskaya|Lipetskaya|Magadanskaya|Mariy-El (Yoshkar-Ola)|Mordoviya (Saransk)|Moskovskaya|Moskva (Moscow)|Murmanskaya|Nenetskiy (Nar'yan-Mar)|Nizhegorodskaya|Novgorodskaya|Novosibirskaya|Omskaya|Orenburgskaya|Orlovskaya (Orel)|Penzenskaya|Permskaya|Primorskiy (Vladivostok)|Pskovskaya|Rostovskaya|Ryazanskaya|Sakha (Yakutsk)|Sakhalinskaya (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk)|Samarskaya|Sankt-Peterburg (Saint Petersburg)|Saratovskaya|Severnaya Osetiya-Alaniya [North Ossetia] (Vladikavkaz)|Smolenskaya|Stavropol'skiy|Sverdlovskaya (Yekaterinburg)|Tambovskaya|Tatarstan (Kazan')|Taymyrskiy (Dudinka)|Tomskaya|Tul'skaya|Tverskaya|Tyumenskaya|Tyva (Kyzyl)|Udmurtiya (Izhevsk)|Ul'yanovskaya|Ust'-Ordynskiy Buryatskiy (Ust'-Ordynskiy)|Vladimirskaya|Volgogradskaya|Vologodskaya|Voronezhskaya|Yamalo-Nenetskiy (Salekhard)|Yaroslavskaya|Yevreyskaya",s_a[190]="Butare|Byumba|Cyangugu|Gikongoro|Gisenyi|Gitarama|Kibungo|Kibuye|Kigali Rurale|Kigali-ville|Ruhengeri|Umutara",s_a[191]="Ascension|Saint Helena|Tristan da Cunha",s_a[192]="Christ Church Nichola Town|Saint Anne Sandy Point|Saint George Basseterre|Saint George Gingerland|Saint James Windward|Saint John Capisterre|Saint John Figtree|Saint Mary Cayon|Saint Paul Capisterre|Saint Paul Charlestown|Saint Peter Basseterre|Saint Thomas Lowland|Saint Thomas Middle Island|Trinity Palmetto Point",s_a[193]="Anse-la-Raye|Castries|Choiseul|Dauphin|Dennery|Gros Islet|Laborie|Micoud|Praslin|Soufriere|Vieux Fort",s_a[194]="Miquelon|Saint Pierre",s_a[195]="Charlotte|Grenadines|Saint Andrew|Saint David|Saint George|Saint Patrick",s_a[196]="A'ana|Aiga-i-le-Tai|Atua|Fa'asaleleaga|Gaga'emauga|Gagaifomauga|Palauli|Satupa'itea|Tuamasaga|Va'a-o-Fonoti|Vaisigano",s_a[197]="Acquaviva|Borgo Maggiore|Chiesanuova|Domagnano|Faetano|Fiorentino|Monte Giardino|San Marino|Serravalle",s_a[198]="Principe|Sao Tome",s_a[199]="'Asir|Al Bahah|Al Hudud ash Shamaliyah|Al Jawf|Al Madinah|Al Qasim|Ar Riyad|Ash Sharqiyah (Eastern Province)|Ha'il|Jizan|Makkah|Najran|Tabuk",s_a[200]="Aberdeen City|Aberdeenshire|Angus|Argyll and Bute|City of Edinburgh|Clackmannanshire|Dumfries and Galloway|Dundee City|East Ayrshire|East Dunbartonshire|East Lothian|East Renfrewshire|Eilean Siar (Western Isles)|Falkirk|Fife|Glasgow City|Highland|Inverclyde|Midlothian|Moray|North Ayrshire|North Lanarkshire|Orkney Islands|Perth and Kinross|Renfrewshire|Shetland Islands|South Ayrshire|South Lanarkshire|Stirling|The Scottish Borders|West Dunbartonshire|West Lothian",s_a[201]="Dakar|Diourbel|Fatick|Kaolack|Kolda|Louga|Saint-Louis|Tambacounda|Thies|Ziguinchor",s_a[202]="Anse aux Pins|Anse Boileau|Anse Etoile|Anse Louis|Anse Royale|Baie Lazare|Baie Sainte Anne|Beau Vallon|Bel Air|Bel Ombre|Cascade|Glacis|Grand' Anse (on Mahe)|Grand' Anse (on Praslin)|La Digue|La Riviere Anglaise|Mont Buxton|Mont Fleuri|Plaisance|Pointe La Rue|Port Glaud|Saint Louis|Takamaka",s_a[203]="Eastern|Northern|Southern|Western",s_a[204]="Singapore",s_a[205]="Banskobystricky|Bratislavsky|Kosicky|Nitriansky|Presovsky|Trenciansky|Trnavsky|Zilinsky",s_a[206]="Ajdovscina|Beltinci|Bled|Bohinj|Borovnica|Bovec|Brda|Brezice|Brezovica|Cankova-Tisina|Celje|Cerklje na Gorenjskem|Cerknica|Cerkno|Crensovci|Crna na Koroskem|Crnomelj|Destrnik-Trnovska Vas|Divaca|Dobrepolje|Dobrova-Horjul-Polhov Gradec|Dol pri Ljubljani|Domzale|Dornava|Dravograd|Duplek|Gorenja Vas-Poljane|Gorisnica|Gornja Radgona|Gornji Grad|Gornji Petrovci|Grosuplje|Hodos Salovci|Hrastnik|Hrpelje-Kozina|Idrija|Ig|Ilirska Bistrica|Ivancna Gorica|Izola|Jesenice|Jursinci|Kamnik|Kanal|Kidricevo|Kobarid|Kobilje|Kocevje|Komen|Koper|Kozje|Kranj|Kranjska Gora|Krsko|Kungota|Kuzma|Lasko|Lenart|Lendava|Litija|Ljubljana|Ljubno|Ljutomer|Logatec|Loska Dolina|Loski Potok|Luce|Lukovica|Majsperk|Maribor|Medvode|Menges|Metlika|Mezica|Miren-Kostanjevica|Mislinja|Moravce|Moravske Toplice|Mozirje|Murska Sobota|Muta|Naklo|Nazarje|Nova Gorica|Novo Mesto|Odranci|Ormoz|Osilnica|Pesnica|Piran|Pivka|Podcetrtek|Podvelka-Ribnica|Postojna|Preddvor|Ptuj|Puconci|Race-Fram|Radece|Radenci|Radlje ob Dravi|Radovljica|Ravne-Prevalje|Ribnica|Rogasevci|Rogaska Slatina|Rogatec|Ruse|Semic|Sencur|Sentilj|Sentjernej|Sentjur pri Celju|Sevnica|Sezana|Skocjan|Skofja Loka|Skofljica|Slovenj Gradec|Slovenska Bistrica|Slovenske Konjice|Smarje pri Jelsah|Smartno ob Paki|Sostanj|Starse|Store|Sveti Jurij|Tolmin|Trbovlje|Trebnje|Trzic|Turnisce|Velenje|Velike Lasce|Videm|Vipava|Vitanje|Vodice|Vojnik|Vrhnika|Vuzenica|Zagorje ob Savi|Zalec|Zavrc|Zelezniki|Ziri|Zrece",s_a[207]="Bellona|Central|Choiseul (Lauru)|Guadalcanal|Honiara|Isabel|Makira|Malaita|Rennell|Temotu|Western",s_a[208]="Awdal|Bakool|Banaadir|Bari|Bay|Galguduud|Gedo|Hiiraan|Jubbada Dhexe|Jubbada Hoose|Mudug|Nugaal|Sanaag|Shabeellaha Dhexe|Shabeellaha Hoose|Sool|Togdheer|Woqooyi Galbeed",s_a[209]="Eastern Cape|Free State|Gauteng|KwaZulu-Natal|Mpumalanga|North-West|Northern Cape|Northern Province|Western Cape",s_a[210]="Bird Island|Bristol Island|Clerke Rocks|Montagu Island|Saunders Island|South Georgia|Southern Thule|Traversay Islands",s_a[211]="Andalucia|Aragon|Asturias|Baleares (Balearic Islands)|Canarias (Canary Islands)|Cantabria|Castilla y Leon|Castilla-La Mancha|Cataluna|Ceuta|Communidad Valencian|Extremadura|Galicia|Islas Chafarinas|La Rioja|Madrid|Melilla|Murcia|Navarra|Pais Vasco (Basque Country)|Penon de Alhucemas|Penon de Velez de la Gomera",s_a[212]="Spratly Islands",s_a[213]="Central|Eastern|North Central|North Eastern|North Western|Northern|Sabaragamuwa|Southern|Uva|Western",s_a[214]="A'ali an Nil|Al Bahr al Ahmar|Al Buhayrat|Al Jazirah|Al Khartum|Al Qadarif|Al Wahdah|An Nil al Abyad|An Nil al Azraq|Ash Shamaliyah|Bahr al Jabal|Gharb al Istiwa'iyah|Gharb Bahr al Ghazal|Gharb Darfur|Gharb Kurdufan|Janub Darfur|Janub Kurdufan|Junqali|Kassala|Nahr an Nil|Shamal Bahr al Ghazal|Shamal Darfur|Shamal Kurdufan|Sharq al Istiwa'iyah|Sinnar|Warab",s_a[215]="Brokopondo|Commewijne|Coronie|Marowijne|Nickerie|Para|Paramaribo|Saramacca|Sipaliwini|Wanica",s_a[216]="Barentsoya|Bjornoya|Edgeoya|Hopen|Kvitoya|Nordaustandet|Prins Karls Forland|Spitsbergen",s_a[217]="Hhohho|Lubombo|Manzini|Shiselweni",s_a[218]="Blekinge|Dalarnas|Gavleborgs|Gotlands|Hallands|Jamtlands|Jonkopings|Kalmar|Kronobergs|Norrbottens|Orebro|Ostergotlands|Skane|Sodermanlands|Stockholms|Uppsala|Varmlands|Vasterbottens|Vasternorrlands|Vastmanlands|Vastra Gotalands",s_a[219]="Aargau|Ausser-Rhoden|Basel-Landschaft|Basel-Stadt|Bern|Fribourg|Geneve|Glarus|Graubunden|Inner-Rhoden|Jura|Luzern|Neuchatel|Nidwalden|Obwalden|Sankt Gallen|Schaffhausen|Schwyz|Solothurn|Thurgau|Ticino|Uri|Valais|Vaud|Zug|Zurich",s_a[220]="Al Hasakah|Al Ladhiqiyah|Al Qunaytirah|Ar Raqqah|As Suwayda'|Dar'a|Dayr az Zawr|Dimashq|Halab|Hamah|Hims|Idlib|Rif Dimashq|Tartus",s_a[221]="Chang-hua|Chi-lung|Chia-i|Chia-i|Chung-hsing-hsin-ts'un|Hsin-chu|Hsin-chu|Hua-lien|I-lan|Kao-hsiung|Kao-hsiung|Miao-li|Nan-t'ou|P'eng-hu|P'ing-tung|T'ai-chung|T'ai-chung|T'ai-nan|T'ai-nan|T'ai-pei|T'ai-pei|T'ai-tung|T'ao-yuan|Yun-lin",s_a[222]="Viloyati Khatlon|Viloyati Leninobod|Viloyati Mukhtori Kuhistoni Badakhshon",s_a[223]="Arusha|Dar es Salaam|Dodoma|Iringa|Kagera|Kigoma|Kilimanjaro|Lindi|Mara|Mbeya|Morogoro|Mtwara|Mwanza|Pemba North|Pemba South|Pwani|Rukwa|Ruvuma|Shinyanga|Singida|Tabora|Tanga|Zanzibar Central/South|Zanzibar North|Zanzibar Urban/West",s_a[224]="Amnat Charoen|Ang Thong|Buriram|Chachoengsao|Chai Nat|Chaiyaphum|Chanthaburi|Chiang Mai|Chiang Rai|Chon Buri|Chumphon|Kalasin|Kamphaeng Phet|Kanchanaburi|Khon Kaen|Krabi|Krung Thep Mahanakhon (Bangkok)|Lampang|Lamphun|Loei|Lop Buri|Mae Hong Son|Maha Sarakham|Mukdahan|Nakhon Nayok|Nakhon Pathom|Nakhon Phanom|Nakhon Ratchasima|Nakhon Sawan|Nakhon Si Thammarat|Nan|Narathiwat|Nong Bua Lamphu|Nong Khai|Nonthaburi|Pathum Thani|Pattani|Phangnga|Phatthalung|Phayao|Phetchabun|Phetchaburi|Phichit|Phitsanulok|Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya|Phrae|Phuket|Prachin Buri|Prachuap Khiri Khan|Ranong|Ratchaburi|Rayong|Roi Et|Sa Kaeo|Sakon Nakhon|Samut Prakan|Samut Sakhon|Samut Songkhram|Sara Buri|Satun|Sing Buri|Sisaket|Songkhla|Sukhothai|Suphan Buri|Surat Thani|Surin|Tak|Trang|Trat|Ubon Ratchathani|Udon Thani|Uthai Thani|Uttaradit|Yala|Yasothon",s_a[225]="Tobago",s_a[226]="De La Kara|Des Plateaux|Des Savanes|Du Centre|Maritime",s_a[227]="Atafu|Fakaofo|Nukunonu",s_a[228]="Ha'apai|Tongatapu|Vava'u",s_a[229]="Arima|Caroni|Mayaro|Nariva|Port-of-Spain|Saint Andrew|Saint David|Saint George|Saint Patrick|San Fernando|Victoria",s_a[230]="Ariana|Beja|Ben Arous|Bizerte|El Kef|Gabes|Gafsa|Jendouba|Kairouan|Kasserine|Kebili|Mahdia|Medenine|Monastir|Nabeul|Sfax|Sidi Bou Zid|Siliana|Sousse|Tataouine|Tozeur|Tunis|Zaghouan",s_a[231]="Adana|Adiyaman|Afyon|Agri|Aksaray|Amasya|Ankara|Antalya|Ardahan|Artvin|Aydin|Balikesir|Bartin|Batman|Bayburt|Bilecik|Bingol|Bitlis|Bolu|Burdur|Bursa|Canakkale|Cankiri|Corum|Denizli|Diyarbakir|Duzce|Edirne|Elazig|Erzincan|Erzurum|Eskisehir|Gaziantep|Giresun|Gumushane|Hakkari|Hatay|Icel|Igdir|Isparta|Istanbul|Izmir|Kahramanmaras|Karabuk|Karaman|Kars|Kastamonu|Kayseri|Kilis|Kirikkale|Kirklareli|Kirsehir|Kocaeli|Konya|Kutahya|Malatya|Manisa|Mardin|Mugla|Mus|Nevsehir|Nigde|Ordu|Osmaniye|Rize|Sakarya|Samsun|Sanliurfa|Siirt|Sinop|Sirnak|Sivas|Tekirdag|Tokat|Trabzon|Tunceli|Usak|Van|Yalova|Yozgat|Zonguldak",s_a[232]="Ahal Welayaty|Balkan Welayaty|Dashhowuz Welayaty|Lebap Welayaty|Mary Welayaty",s_a[233]="Tuvalu",s_a[234]="Adjumani|Apac|Arua|Bugiri|Bundibugyo|Bushenyi|Busia|Gulu|Hoima|Iganga|Jinja|Kabale|Kabarole|Kalangala|Kampala|Kamuli|Kapchorwa|Kasese|Katakwi|Kibale|Kiboga|Kisoro|Kitgum|Kotido|Kumi|Lira|Luwero|Masaka|Masindi|Mbale|Mbarara|Moroto|Moyo|Mpigi|Mubende|Mukono|Nakasongola|Nebbi|Ntungamo|Pallisa|Rakai|Rukungiri|Sembabule|Soroti|Tororo",s_a[235]="Avtonomna Respublika Krym (Simferopol')|Cherkas'ka (Cherkasy)|Chernihivs'ka (Chernihiv)|Chernivets'ka (Chernivtsi)|Dnipropetrovs'ka (Dnipropetrovs'k)|Donets'ka (Donets'k)|Ivano-Frankivs'ka (Ivano-Frankivs'k)|Kharkivs'ka (Kharkiv)|Khersons'ka (Kherson)|Khmel'nyts'ka (Khmel'nyts'kyy)|Kirovohrads'ka (Kirovohrad)|Kyyiv|Kyyivs'ka (Kiev)|L'vivs'ka (L'viv)|Luhans'ka (Luhans'k)|Mykolayivs'ka (Mykolayiv)|Odes'ka (Odesa)|Poltavs'ka (Poltava)|Rivnens'ka (Rivne)|Sevastopol'|Sums'ka (Sumy)|Ternopil's'ka (Ternopil')|Vinnyts'ka (Vinnytsya)|Volyns'ka (Luts'k)|Zakarpats'ka (Uzhhorod)|Zaporiz'ka (Zaporizhzhya)|Zhytomyrs'ka (Zhytomyr)",s_a[236]="'Ajman|Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi)|Al Fujayrah|Ash Shariqah (Sharjah)|Dubayy (Dubai)|Ra's al Khaymah|Umm al Qaywayn",s_a[237]="Barking and Dagenham|Barnet|Barnsley|Bath and North East Somerset|Bedfordshire|Bexley|Birmingham|Blackburn with Darwen|Blackpool|Bolton|Bournemouth|Bracknell Forest|Bradford|Brent|Brighton and Hove|Bromley|Buckinghamshire|Bury|Calderdale|Cambridgeshire|Camden|Cheshire|City of Bristol|City of Kingston upon Hull|City of London|Cornwall|Coventry|Croydon|Cumbria|Darlington|Derby|Derbyshire|Devon|Doncaster|Dorset|Dudley|Durham|Ealing|East Riding of Yorkshire|East Sussex|Enfield|Essex|Gateshead|Gloucestershire|Greenwich|Hackney|Halton|Hammersmith and Fulham|Hampshire|Haringey|Harrow|Hartlepool|Havering|Herefordshire|Hertfordshire|Hillingdon|Hounslow|Isle of Wight|Islington|Kensington and Chelsea|Kent|Kingston upon Thames|Kirklees|Knowsley|Lambeth|Lancashire|Leeds|Leicester|Leicestershire|Lewisham|Lincolnshire|Liverpool|Luton|Manchester|Medway|Merton|Middlesbrough|Milton Keynes|Newcastle upon Tyne|Newham|Norfolk|North East Lincolnshire|North Lincolnshire|North Somerset|North Tyneside|North Yorkshire|Northamptonshire|Northumberland|Nottingham|Nottinghamshire|Oldham|Oxfordshire|Peterborough|Plymouth|Poole|Portsmouth|Reading|Redbridge|Redcar and Cleveland|Richmond upon Thames|Rochdale|Rotherham|Rutland|Salford|Sandwell|Sefton|Sheffield|Shropshire|Slough|Solihull|Somerset|South Gloucestershire|South Tyneside|Southampton|Southend-on-Sea|Southwark|St.