[12], Robert I succeeded his elder brother Richard III as duke on 6 August 1027. By Easter, William was at Winchester, where he was soon joined by his wife Matilda, who was crowned in May 1068. of a series of incidents that brought about the Boston Massacre later that de Gray, equitum signifer to King William". in the reign of Edward IV., from whom are descended and branched the Barons Although some sort of formal assembly probably was held, it is unlikely that any debate took place, as the duke had by then established control over his nobles, and most of those assembled would have been anxious to secure their share of the rewards from the conquest of England. [54] The duke travelled constantly around the duchy, confirming charters and collecting revenues. Some of William's Breton troops panicked and fled, and some of the English troops appear to have pursued the fleeing Bretons until they themselves were attacked and destroyed by Norman cavalry. of the family was in Plymouth in 1643. Hereward's forces attacked Peterborough Abbey, which they captured and looted. Most leave the usual trail. Chillingham, England, Motto, Anchor Fast Anchor. King Harold received word of their invasion and marched north, defeating the invaders and killing Tostig and Hardrada on 25 September at the Battle of Stamford Bridge. [97] FitzOsbern and Odo found it difficult to control the native population and undertook a programme of castle building to maintain their hold on the kingdom. These dates would William responded swiftly, ignoring a continental revolt in Maine, and symbolically wore his crown in the ruins of York on Christmas Day 1069. was too old to go to war, but he used his extensive farm and fortune to English coins were generally of high silver content, with high artistic standards, and were required to be re-minted every three years. (Former King of England (1066 - 1087)) William the Conqueror was the Duke of Normandy, who later became the King of England. 863 related objects. Most were constructed from earth and timber, but work had also begun on great stone towers in . The Vexin was a buffer state between Normandy and the lands of the French king, and Simon had been a supporter of William. [130] William was known for his love of hunting, and he introduced the forest law into areas of the country, regulating who could hunt and what could be hunted. [48], No authentic portrait of William has been found; the contemporary depictions of him on the Bayeux Tapestry and on his seals and coins are conventional representations designed to assert his authority. William was unhorsed by Robert and was only saved from death by an Englishman, Toki son of Wigod, who was himself killed. there were at least twenty different families of Grays, or different branches By far the most disturbing fact . His sons also lost much of their control over Maine, which revolted in 1089 and managed to remain mostly free of Norman influence thereafter. During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I of England, Archbishop Matthew Parker saw the Conquest as having corrupted a purer English Church, which Parker attempted to restore. Its effect, though, was to destabilise Brittany, forcing the duke, Conan II, to focus on internal problems rather than on expansion. [46][k] The marriage was important in bolstering William's status, as Flanders was one of the more powerful French territories, with ties to the French royal house and to the German emperors. Edward had no heir, but requested William to be his heir apparent to the throne. John Gray was married before going to Stapleford, and I know there are loads of wonderful programs to assist in the tabulation, formation and display of the largest family tree. William also benefited from his campaign in Brittany by securing the support of some Breton nobles who went on to support the invasion of England in 1066. [48] The birth order of the sons is clear, but no source gives the relative order of birth of the daughters. de Gray, who was in high favor with King Richard I and King John. It resulted in a work now known as the Domesday Book. of Pennsylvania and the early settlers of Virginia and other southern states. His reign in England was marked by the construction of castles, settling a new Norman nobility on the land, and change in the composition of the English clergy. Harold, perhaps to secure the support of Edwin and Morcar in his bid for the throne, supported the rebels and persuaded King Edward to replace Tostig with Morcar. records. Mary was the widow of King Louis XII of France, who had He finally crossed the Thames at Wallingford in early December. of Henry VIII. His marriage in the 1050s to Matilda of Flanders provided him with a powerful ally in the neighbouring county of Flanders. Robert and Pardon who left a record for all to see. [73][m] King Harald Hardrada of Norway also had a claim to the throne as the uncle and heir of King Magnus I, who had made a pact with Harthacnut in about 1040 that if either Magnus or Harthacnut died without heirs, the other would succeed. On the death In that year he gave Rhuthun to Reginald de Grey. [105] William then turned his attention to the continent, returning to Normandy in early 1073 to deal with the invasion of Maine by Fulk le Rechin, the Count of Anjou. The rest of his life was marked by struggles to consolidate his hold over England and his continental lands, and by difficulties with his eldest son, Robert Curthose. themselves in politics, literature, and the learned professions and still considered the first casualty of the Revolutionary War. Henry de Gray had several sons; (I) Robert of Rotherfield, (II) Richard There were apparently no Grays on the Mayflower. Permanent Scandinavian settlement occurred before 911, when Rollo, one of the Viking leaders, and King Charles the Simple of France reached an agreement ceding the county of Rouen to Rollo. Thomas Gray were living there in 1579. This campaign, which included the burning and destruction of part of the countryside that the royal forces marched through, is usually known as the "Harrying of the North"; it was over by April 1070, when William wore his crown ceremonially for Easter at Winchester. [28] William of Poitiers claimed that the battle was won mainly through William's efforts, but earlier accounts claim that King Henry's men and leadership also played an important part. A Marcher Lordship passed from an Owain to son-in-law John Charleton. [65] William's western border was thus secured, but his border with Brittany remained insecure. [107][r] Philip, although thwarted in this attempt, turned his attentions to Brittany, leading to a revolt in 1075. An Angevin attack on Maine was defeated in late 1076 or 1077, with Count Fulk le Rechin wounded in the unsuccessful attack. Edgar was proclaimed king by his supporters. [100] In 1070 William also founded Battle Abbey, a new monastery at the site of the Battle of Hastings, partly as a penance for the deaths in the battle and partly as a memorial to the dead. English sources claim that Ealdred, the Archbishop of York, performed the ceremony, while Norman sources state that the coronation was performed by Stigand, who was considered a non-canonical archbishop by the papacy. More serious was the retirement of Simon de Crpy, the Count of Amiens, to a monastery. He also allowed his son Robert Curthose to do homage to the new Count of Anjou, Geoffrey the Bearded. Members of the Gray or de Gray family later ride with William the Conqueror to defeat the Brittish at the Battle of Hastings(1066). They served their country captured Reginald. [108] While William was in Normandy, Edgar the theling returned to Scotland from Flanders. Her execution, 1554, was soon David Gray of Tiverton was captured by the British during the war and [77] The Norman fleet finally set sail two days later, landing in England at Pevensey Bay on 28 September. homes in the New World. He escaped and, by traveling He hinted obliquely that William and Matilda were, The exact date of the marriage is unknown, but it was probably in 1051 or 1052, and certainly before the end of 1053, as Matilda is named as William's wife in a. theling means "prince of the royal house" and usually denoted a son or brother of a ruling king. Mrs Thomas Houghton (Born 1551) 5775 People 13 Records 25 Sources. [97], In 1068 Edwin and Morcar revolted, supported by Gospatric, Earl of Northumbria. This was an advantage for William, as it was the only universal tax collected by western European rulers during this period. [123], Maine continued to be difficult, with a rebellion by Hubert de Beaumont-au-Maine, probably in 1084. Owain received 10,000 marks (L6,666) ransom for him. Members [92], William may have hoped the English would surrender following his victory, but they did not. The chronicler Orderic Vitalis states that Edwin's reason for revolting was that the proposed marriage between himself and one of William's daughters had not taken place, but another reason probably included the increasing power of fitzOsbern in Herefordshire, which affected Edwin's power within his own earldom. This Edward was a farmer and active in civic affairs. Roger was unable to leave his stronghold in Herefordshire because of efforts by Wulfstan, the Bishop of Worcester, and thelwig, the Abbot of Evesham. Nevertheless, despite all the high-tech stuff, you can't beat good old text! Ralph was bottled up in Norwich Castle by the combined efforts of Odo of Bayeux, Geoffrey de Montbray, Richard fitzGilbert, and William de Warenne. The trouble in 1077 or 1078 resulted in Robert leaving Normandy accompanied by a band of young men, many of them the sons of William's supporters. By the time of William's death in 1087, around 500 castles had been built across England and Wales. [135] Coinage across his domains continued to be minted in different cycles and styles. In 1064 William invaded Brittany in a campaign that remains obscure in its details. [100] William's half-brother Odo perhaps expected to be appointed to Canterbury, but William probably did not wish to give that much power to a family member. Another consequence of William's invasion was the sundering of the formerly close ties between England and Scandinavia. There were other potential claimants, including the powerful English earl Harold Godwinson, whom Edward named as king on his deathbed in January 1066. family of Stapleford were similar to the names in Edward Grays family. Since then they have repeatedly distinguished The town held out for 18 days, and after it fell to William he built a castle to secure his control.

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