This branch has several subclades as well as people from Ireland, Scotland, England, British Isles, Germany, France, Denmark, Northern Ireland and Norway. Inkoo syntyneet-vihityt 1679-1763 (AP I C:1) 1750/1751 ; SSHY / Viitattu 06.06.2022 These findings together suggest the establishment of central attributes of the Irish genome 4,000 y ago. Y-DNA:I-FT344600 2020) Y-DNA:I-FT344600 Location:Parknabinnia, Clare, Ireland FTDNA Comment:Joins VK280 This includes a great number of European nobles, including George I of Great Britain and Frederick William I of Prussia (through the Electress Sophia of Hanover), Charles I of England, George III of the United Kingdom, George V of the United Kingdom, Charles X Gustav of Sweden, Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange, Olav V of Norway, and George I of Greece. Location:Poulnabrone, Clare, Ireland Thank you to Michael Sager, phylogeneticist, and Goran Runfeldt, head of R&D at Family Tree DNA for making this information available. 3), are ubiquitous in Eurasia, while the T2b clade is widely spread across Europe (Fig. Y-DNA mtDNA . 5, states "Frequency distribution of five major European mitochondrial haplogroups: H, K, T, U and V. Note that T2b2 and T2b4 happen to be the same subclades as those recovered from Corded Ware remains. We will never know who he really was. These markers define the mtDNA haplogroup currently designated T2, a subgroup of Haplogroup T. Haplogroup T has an estimated age of about 10,000 to 12,000 years. Needless to say I was tickled pink to see my mtDNA J2b1a listed. The second wave was known as Neolithic or the people who arrived as farmers. Im Haplogroup H44a.My ancient ancestors have some interesting clusters and an alarming tendency to be headless. There are a couple more that may split with additional tests. Sex:Male Age:Middle Neolithic 3631-3362 cal BC The Neolithic and Bronze Age transitions were profound cultural shifts catalyzed in parts of Europe by migrations, first of early farmers from the Near East and then Bronze Age herders from the Pontic Steppe. Sample:Ballynahatty / BA64 (Cassidy et al. Y-DNA:I-FT370113 Age:Middle Neolithic 3263-2910 cal BC; 3632-3372 cal BC [10] Additionally, haplogroup T has been observed in ancient Guanche fossils excavated in Gran Canaria and Tenerife on the Canary Islands, which have been radiocarbon-dated to between the 7th and 11th centuries CE. The Scotti (Irish Gaels) didnt conquer Scotland, they conquered Caledonia Northern Britain. There are two kinds of haplogroups: the paternally inherited Y-chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) haplogroups, and the maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups. Marriage records from the 1600s would indicate related families of Haviland and Cockram in and around Corfe Castle. 2020) My Greatgrand father William Rice born 1853 Co Offaly Ireland Y-DNA:I-Y3712 (2015) and among them were two T2b lineages, which would indicate at first sight that T2b was already present among Near Eastern farmers before they entered Europe. Alexander Jagiellon of Poland & Lithuania, T1a1 : found throughout Europe and the Middle East / found in EBA Moldova (Cucuteni-Trypillia culture), in Chalcolithic Poland (Corded Ware culture), in Bronze Age Russia (Fatnyanovo culture), in the Unetice culture, and in MLBA Jordan, T1a1a1: Indo-European subclade found in Europe, the Caucasus, the Near East, Central Asia and South Asia, T1a1b: found in Europe (Germany, Finland, Lithuania, Ukraine), the South Caucasus, the Near East, Iran and the Indian subcontinent, T1a1c: found in Mesopotamia, Armenia, Ukraine, Germany, the Netherlands, France, Britain, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and the Canaries, T1a1f: found in the Near East and North Africa, T1a1i: found in Russia, Estonia, Norway, Ireland and Czechia, T1a1j: found in Sweden, Belarus and Turkey, T1a1k: found in Russia, Ukraine, Romania, Finland, Sweden, Germany, Austria, and Britain, T1a1l: found in Bulgaria, Serbia, Albania and Italy, T1a1q: found in Finland, Sweden and Norway, T1a3: found in England, Scandinavia, Germany, Lithuania, Algeria, Greece and India, T1a2: found in Egypt, Israel, Iraq, Turkey, Cyprus, Italy, Germany and France / found in Bronze Age Israel and Iron Age Lebanon, T1a4: found in Britain, Ireland, Spain, Italy, Slovakia, Mesopotamia, Azerbaijan and Iran, T1a5: found in Russia, Scandinavia, Britain and Portugal, T1a7: found in Sweden, Germany, Cyprus and Sudan, T1a8: found in Russia, Ukraine, Italy, Spain, Iraq and Saudi Arabia, T1b1: found in Jordan, Georgia and Sweden, T1b3: found in Ukraine, Poland, Turkey, Iran and the North Caucasus, T1b4: found in Mesopotamia, Turkey and Greece, T2a1a: found in Europe, the Near East, Central Asia and India / found in Late Neolithic England (Bell Beaker) and EBA England, T2a1b (formerly T4): found especially in Scandinavia, Illyria, Russia, the Caucasus, Central Asia, Iran and Egypt / found in Neolithic Orkney, in Bronze Age Russia, Poland and Scotland, and in Iron Age Lebanon, T2b2: found mostly in western Europe, but also in Iran and India, T2b3: found in mostly in western Europe (especially Sardinia), but also in eastern Europe, Azerbaijan and the Maghreb / found in Neolithic Alsace and Late Neolithic Italy, Spain and France (Bell Beaker), T2b4: found mostly in Europe, but also in Azerbaijan, Mesopotamia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Nepal, T2b4a: found in western Europe and Russia (Volga Tatars), T2b7: found in Finland, Sweden, the Netherlands, France, Switzerland and Italy, T2b7a : found in MLBA Israel (Tell Megiddo), T2b11: found in Europe (incl. However since the samples are contemporary to Neolithic cultures in the rest of Europe, it is not certain that T lineages didn't come through intermarriages between farmers and hunter-gatherers. Location:Carrowkeel, Sligo, Ireland Nevertheless, the origin of T2b* seems to be a predominant Western/Central European haplogroup. Sex:Female 2020) mtDNA:HV0-T195C! 1), which implies that, from the very onset, agriculture was accompanied by large-scale maritime colonization. I hope to be equally elated with the elections results. Sex:Male 2020) Based on a sample of over 400 modern day Iranians (Kivisild and Metspalu 2003) harv error: no target: CITEREFKivisild_and_Metspalu2003 (help), the T haplogroup represents roughly 8.3% of the population (about 1 out of 12 individuals), with the more specific T1 subtype constituting roughly half of those. The third wave heralded the arrival of the Bronze Age when humans began to work with metals. Sex:Male What about those of us with brown or hazel eyes? That said, I dont really know how to interpret any of this (quite new to this). Age:Middle Neolithic 3631-3353 cal BC ), Sample:Rathlin1 / RM127 (Cassidy et al. Eye color comes from several locations, none of them on the Y chromosome. Mitochondrial clade T derives from the haplogroup JT, which also gave rise to the mtDNA haplogroup J. Sex:Male 2020) (2014) tested 15 mtDNA sequences (6800-6000 BCE) from the PPNB in Syria, but no T2 was found in any of the sites. Y-DNA:I-Y3709 Sex:Male Age:Middle Neolithic 3617-3138 cal BC So both in Ireland before then, anytime since about 2000 BC? Early Neolithic skeletons (dating from c. 6350 BCE) from north-western Anatolia were tested by Mathieson et al. mtDNA:W5b, Sample:Carrowkeel533 / CAK533 (Cassidy et al. Nevertheless, Lazaridis et al. Branch has 42 subbranches and men from Ireland, England, Scotland, France, and Germany. Sample:Parknabinnia1327 / PB1327 (Cassidy et al. mtDNA:T2c1d-T152C! Sex:Male So presume proto Celt Y and unetice mtDna. Reset List Show map based on current samples Show mtDNA T2b Haplogroup Statistics. mtDNA:T2b3, Sample:Parknabinnia443 / PB443 (Cassidy et al. to their locations in historic times. I have done the big Y on myFTDNA, MtDNA H13a1a1a and Y-DNA R-FTA31329, uploaded to gedmatch for kit # YC9806695, when I run the Archaic DNA matches I come up matching the Rathlin1, F999800, at the 7 cM level. Already a celebrity when he was alive, he became a legendary figure of the Wild West after his death. The Unetice culture replaced the Bell Beaker culture in Germany, Bohemia and western Poland from 2300 BCE. (2014) analysed the mtDNA of 395 elite Polish athletes (213 endurance athletes and 182 power athletes) and 413 sedentary controls, found that members of haplogroup T were as common among athletes as in the control group. Thanks for boiling it all down. Location:Parknabinnia, Clare, Ireland 2020) Sex:Female According to the Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologica Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Haplogroup T can predispose to asthenozoospermia (Ruiz-Pesini 2000) harv error: no target: CITEREFRuiz-Pesini2000 (help). mtDNA:K1a-T195C! Sex:Male [9] Fossils excavated at the Late Neolithic site of Kelif el Boroud in Morocco, which have been dated to around 3,000 BCE, have also been observed to carry the T2 subclade. But who settled Ireland, when, and where did they come from? There is another study not in front of me at the moment, but it is fascinating. Location:Carrowkeel, Sligo, Ireland As the paper alludes to, R1bs distribution today matches Celtic heritage, particularly along the Atlantic coastal areas of Galicia, France, Brittany and of course Ireland. In far western Ireland, haplogroup R and subgroups reach nearly 100% today. 1a, Extended Data Fig. FTDNA has included everything that has been made public in the Discover tool. Age:Middle Neolithic 3694-3369 cal BC I had two matches from the recent Viking collection, but no luck this time around. mtDNA:H4a1a1a, Sample:Poulnabrone16 / PN16 (Cassidy et al. Three PWC individuals shared the K1a1 haplogroup. Let's say that your mtDNA almost perfectly matches a given haplogroup, e.g. Thank you for the article. 2020) The Bell Beaker culture ended elsewhere by 2200 BCE, except in Great Britain where it lasted until 1800 BCE. T1a1a1 is particularly common in countries with high levels of Y-haplogroup R1a, such as Central and Northeast Europe. More testing in the UK is needed. The frequency of T1a and T2 in Yamna samples were each 14.5%, a percentage higher than in any country today and only found in similarly high frequencies among the Udmurts of the Volga-Ural region. Thank you for posting the Ancient DNA of Ireland. Sex:Male The basal haplogroup T* is found among Algerians in Oran (1.67%) and Reguibate Sahrawi (0.93%). This page displays a map The only subclades found in Bronze Age Indo-European cultures that have not (yet?) During this period, many societies began to invest heavily in building monuments, which suggests an increase in social organization. Furthermore, T1a1a1 is particularly common in countries with high levels of Y-haplogroup R1a, such as Central and Northeast Europe, but also everywhere in Central Asia and deep into North Asia, as far east as Mongolia. The first remains to be processed with high coverage whole genome sequencing were those of 3 males whose remains were found in a cist burial on volcanic Rathlin Island, located in the channel between Ireland and Scotland. However, if two participants share exactly the same map coordinates, Look at the public mtDNA tree haplogroup flags at FamilyTreeDNA for ideas. FTDNA Comment:One of 12 ancient samples currently on this branch As for Y DNA, my father is R-DF17, down from R-DF27; my maternal uncle is R-DF110, down from R-U152, so the closest matches in the list are the R-L21, even thought arent that close. Y-DNA:I-FT344600 You can compare your DNA haplogroup to see if you are connected. The most recent 2020 paper includes extensive archaeological context revolving around passage graves and megalithic tombs. Ruiz-Pesini et al. Location:Poulnabrone, Clare, Ireland I looked up my Ancient DNA on GedMatch and I seem to practically match number 2 male of Rathlin Island! Please click on the links in the articles or to the vendors below if you are purchasing products or DNA testing. Location:Parknabinnia, Clare, Ireland This second article includes a great deal of archaeological and burial information which includes caves, reefs, cist burials, boulder chambers, peat bogs, dry-stone walls, portal tombs (think Stonehenge style structures), megalithic tombs such as the Giants Ring, court tombs, and passage tombs, including Newgrange. I have a very strong match to all four individuals in this article according to GedMatch. Sex:Male Haplogroups are identified by a code (for example: "T", "H5a1", "E1b1a1a1") which simplifies genealogical tracing of these . I didnt think my mother had any Irish ancestry, but I guess I didnt go back far enough : ). These include those coding for lactase persistence, blue eye color, Y chromosome R1b haplotypes, and the hemochromatosis C282Y allele; to our knowledge, the first detection of a known Mendelian disease variant in prehistory. Everyone wants to know who they are and what their origins are, so I researched T2b. Age:Middle Neolithic 3705-3379 cal BC Age:Early Bronze Age 2026-1885 cal BC I didnt know this when I published this article earlier today, but the year-end sale just started today, so if you want to purchase or upgrade, now is a great time at the affiliate links, above, or here: http://www.kqzyfj.com/click-6754800-13710356, Hello , i am ashkenazi jewish and just before it became k1a9 ashkenazi it were k1a-t195c with the mutation on hvr2 of mtdna. FTDNA Comment: Baunogenasraid72 and Jerpoint14 split the H-SK1180 branch and form branch together (H-FT362000). It is usually symptom-less and increases the risk of sudden cardiac death, which often happens to those of as early in life as teenagers and may affect those who are active and have no other risk factors.[14]. G2a is found in only about 1%. Of course, we all want to know if our Y DNA or mitochondrial DNA haplogroups, or that of our family members matches any of these ancient samples. 2020) (2012) suggested that some J and T lineages recolonised Europe from the Near Eastern refugia during the Epipaleolithic, following the end of the last glaciation and the melting of the icecaps covering central and northern Europe. /30.3.2022 In fact, the only thing missing in the perfect match is a mutation that defines haplogroup T. So, there are two explanations for this difference in the match: A) You don't belong to haplogroup T2b, in fact you don't belong to haplogroup T at all. Sample:Annagh2 / ANN2 (Cassidy et al. However, these findings have been disputed due to a small sample size in the study (Mishmar 2002) harv error: no target: CITEREFMishmar2002 (help). I have many matches at a genetic distance of one, bot none that are zero. Y-DNA:I-Y3709 Last known: France. 2020) ), Down, Ireland Age:Middle Neolithic 3652-3384 cal BC Age:Middle Neolithic 3632-3374 cal BC Inkoo - Ing Location:Glebe, Rathlin Island, Northern Ireland mtDNA:J1c6, Sample:Parknabinnia357 / PB357 (Cassidy et al. Additional ancient samples residing on I-Y13518 include I2637, I2979, I6759, and Kelco_cave Other relevant ancient samples are Carsington_Pasture_1, I3134, I7638 at I-BY166411, and Coldrum_1 and I2660 at I-BY168618. Location:Parknabinnia, Clare, Ireland It is believed to have originated around 25,100 years ago in the Near East. FTDNA Comment: Ardcroney2 and Parknabinnia443 split the I2-Y13518 branch and form a branch together (I-FT354500). [13] It is unknown whether or not this is specific to this subclaude of haplogroup T or is a risk factor shared by all of haplogroup T. With a statistically significant difference found in such a small sample, it may be advisable for those of known haplogroup T maternal ancestry to be aware of this and have their physician check for evidence of this condition when having a routine exam at an early age. Location:Poulnabrone, Clare, Ireland Within subhaplogroup T2e, a very rare motif is identified among Sephardic Jews of Turkey and Bulgaria and suspected conversos from the New World (Bedford 2012). 1), U4d2 (Fig. Cassidy et al report that the Y DNA results in several geographic locations, using the ISOGG tree (2018) for haplogroup assignment, although in some cases, I did find some inconsistencies in their haplogroup and SNP names. 2020) FTDNA Comment:One of 15 ancient samples currently on this branch Several millennia later it would have been carried to Central Asia, then Iran and the Near East by the Indo-Iranian R1a-Z93 invaders. When I visited New Grange in 2017, above, I was told that genetic analysis was underway on remains from several ancient burials. Of the 37 males sequenced, the lab was able to assign a Y DNA haplogroup to 36. One reason I published this article today was to give people something else to do, K1a4a1 here. There is further evidence that SBj, Ajv58 and Ajv52 might form an additional branch, sibling to I-FT344600 Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. been found in Neolithic Europe are T2b2b and T2b4f. Thank you! They hypothesise that T1a1, T2a1b, T2b, T2e and T2f1 entered Europe from Anatolia in the Late Glacial period, while T2b and T2e followed in the immediate postglacial period from 11,000 years ago. The problem with haplogroup T is that all of the top subclades found in Europe (T1a, T2b, T2c, T2e) are also found in these regions. mtDNA:T2b, Sample:Poulnabrone02 / PN02 (Cassidy et al. 2020) 2016) Gaelic is not a Mesolithic language. Men from Germany and Ireland are also found on this branch which hosts 47 subbranches. Data from outside Europe is still sparse, but among the deeper subclades identified in Central/South Asia were T2b2 (in Turkmenistan, Iran and India), T2b4 (in Uzbekistan), T2b11 (found in the North Caucasus) and T2b16 (found in the Volga-Ural and Kazakhstan). mtDNA:H1c, Sample:MillinBay6 / MB6 (Cassidy et al. I1 is the second most common with 6%, followed by I2b at 5%, R1a at 2.5%, and E1b1b at 2%. The island is believed to have been settled during the Mesolithic period, according to OSullivan in Maritime Ireland, An Archaeology of Coastal Communities (2007). According to Chinnery et al. The last Russian Tsar, Nicholas II, has been shown to be of Haplogroup T, specifically subclade T2 (Ivanov 1996) harv error: no target: CITEREFIvanov1996 (help). This paper included the Ballynahatty female and the three Rathlin Island males. For those that are interested in Celtic studies, I highly recommend his book Celtic from the West. T is found in approximately 10% of native Europeans. Age:Mesolithic 4793-4608 cal BC I would encourage you to read the two papers, linked below, along with supplemental information. In 795, Rathlin had the dubious honor of being the first target of Viking raiding and pillaging. 2020) mtDNA:H1, Sample:Carrowkeel532 / CAK532 (Cassidy et al. Largest segment 5.9. Location:Glebe, Rathlin Island, Northern Ireland (2000) reported that men belonging to haplogroup T have the highest risk of asthenozoospermia (reduced sperm motility). Age:Early-Middle Neolithic 3640-3381 cal BC; 3774-3642 cal BC Location:Poulnabrone, Clare, Ireland Interested to know either way . A quote in Fig. Four investigations were pursued: Search of the motif in 250 000 control region records across 8 databases, comparison of frequencies of T subhaplogroups (T1, T2b, T2c, T2e, T4, T *) across 11. 52.238 % SNPs are full identical. Our answers about Irish settlers come from the skeletons of the people who lived in Ireland at one time and whose bones remain in various types of burials and tombs. This does NOT increase the price you pay but helps me to keep the lights on and this informational blog free for everyone. FTDNA Comment:See Ashleypark3 mtDNA (M) T2b. I share 7 cM segments with Ballynahatty woman. Several other additional ancient samples belong to this branch as well including FLR001, FLR002, FLR004, GRG022, GRG041 (Rivollat 2020), and BUCH2 (Brunel 2020) Could you tell me please, how do I run a comparison on GEDMatch? Age:Early Bronze Age 1736-1534 cal BC Sex:Male Haplogroup T1 is not found among the Saami, the Jews, or the Avars of the Caucasus, and is extremely rare in Jordan, Morocco, northern Spain, Bosnia and Croatia. Rathlin Island is but a spit of land, with a total population of about 150 people, 4 miles east to west and 2.5 miles north to south. Interestingly, T2a1b was also found at a Bronze Age site in the Harz mountains in central Germany, described by Brandt et al. My mtDna is also H1C1 which means we have the same direct maternal line ! Haplogroup T is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. 2020) Sample:Poulnabrone04 / PN04 (Cassidy et al. The second wave was known as Neolithic or the people who arrived as farmers. There appears to have been a vibrant, diverse community, or communities, based on the burials and history revealed. Thank you Roberta for your article on these ancient DNA studies. These Purbeck lines may be some of the closest lines in that area with the shared SNP H-SK1182 to the remains of the Baunogenasraid72 and Jerpoint14 results. Sample:Parknabinnia186 / PB186 (Cassidy et al. Other relevant pre-L38s include I2977 (I-Y63727) and R11, I5401, I4971, I4915 I4607 (I-S2599) Within this dataset, the earliest Neolithic human remains from the islandinterred at Poulnabrone portal tomb14are of majority Early_ Farmer ancestry (as defined by ADMIXTURE modelling15), and show no evidence of inbreeding (Fig. Even if identifying such a thing were feasible, tracking a haplogroup like T2b wouldn't help in that task - it can be found from Ireland to India - that being said, the center of the haplogroup's distribution is Western Europe and the Mediterranean. H-BY37186 (Smith UK) mtDNA:J2b1a, Sample:Ashleypark1 / ASH1 (Cassidy et al. They are the most senior family of the Corcu Loigde (clan of the calf-goddess) who are the chiefs of the Dairine tribe of the Eireann nation. In 2020, Cassidy et al sequenced another 44 individuals from Irish passage grave burials ranging in age from 4793 to 2910 BC, or about 3000 to 7000 years ago. Y-DNA:I-FT344600 Ungrouped. Location:Parknabinnia, Clare, Ireland Y-DNA:I-FT354500 My maternal haplogroup is U8a and my husbands is J3c. The clade-bearing individuals were inhumed at the Tenerife site, with one specimen found to belong to the T2c1d2 subclade (1/7; 14%). The phylogeny of haplogroup T2 being so complex, in particular downstream of T2b, higher resolution tests are required to identify which deep clades could be of Indo-European origins. A Dynastic elite in monumental Neolithic society by Cassidy et al, 2020. T2b was by far the most successful, accounting for roughly half of all T2 individuals in Europe. mtDNA:X2b-T226C, Sample:Parknabinnia1794 / PB1794 (Cassidy et al. This turnover invites the possibility of accompanying introduction of Indo-European, perhaps early Celtic, language. 2020) I have been researching this rare YDNA Hap 2 back to the 1300s in Purbeck from the Boyt families. Lalueza-Fox et al. Tara and Knowth and the passage tombs of New Grange, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3221494, https://www.pnas.org/content/suppl/2015/12/23/1518445113.DCSupplemental, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2378-6, https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41586-020-2378-6/MediaObjects/41586_2020_2378_MOESM1_ESM.pdf, https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41586-020-2378-6/MediaObjects/41586_2020_2378_MOESM3_ESM.xlsx, http://www.kqzyfj.com/click-6754800-13710356, https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/early/2019/04/09/1818037116.full.pdf. This branch is ancestral to Cheddar Man who dates from about 9000 years ago and was found in Cheddar Gorge, Somerset, England. Location:Poulnabrone, Clare, Ireland Y-DNA:I-L1193 25% of men in Norway belong to this haplogroup; it is much more common in Norway than in the rest of Scandinavia. Nonetheless, the maternal lineages recovered in Germany and Switzerland display a strong continuity with Neolithic samples from the same region, and could have been absorbed by the Indo-European male invaders. Geni requires JavaScript! mtDNA:K1a1. R1b, which originated in western Europe, is the most common Y-DNA haplogroup among Irish men, at a frequency of about 81.5%. However, a decades-long, unresolved controversy is whether population change or cultural adoption occurred at the Atlantic edge, within the British Isles. [2], Wilde et al. Looking for anything on my paternal haplogroup I-Y4751 mtDNA:U8b1b, Sample:Parknabinnia754 / PB754 (Cassidy et al. Found in Svan population from Caucasus (Georgia) T* 10,4% and T1 4,2%. 2016) Age:Middle Neolithic 3621-3198 cal BC These include those coding for lactase persistence, blue eye color, Y chromosome R1b haplotypes. 1, 2). Location:Millin Bay (Keentagh Td. several important genetic variants that today show maximal or very high frequencies in Ireland appear at this horizon. Y-DNA:I-Y3709 (2001) analysed the presumptive remains of Jesse James (1847-1882), the famous American outlaw, gang leader, bank robber, train robber from the US state of Missouri. Many ancient records from the 1300s and 1400s have been located in the Isle of Purbeck, Dorset along with ancient professions of Royal Marblers or Reeves that are associated with Boyt and Boyte. To good to miss: https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/early/2019/04/09/1818037116.full.pdf. mtDNA:U5b1c1, Sample:Poulnabrone03 / PN03 (Cassidy et al. FTDNA Comment:Ashleypark3, Parknabinnia186, Parknabinnia2031, Parknabinnia672, Parknabinnia675, Parknabinnia768 and Poulnabrone06 split the I2-L1286 (S21204+/L1286-) branch. Assuming all relevant pedigrees are correct, this includes all female-line descendants of his female line ancestor Barbara of Celje (1390-1451), wife of Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor. This includes a great number of European nobles, including George I of Great Britain and Frederick William I of Prussia (through the Electress Sophia of Hanover), Charles I of England, George III of the United Kingdom, George V of the United Kingdom, Charles X Gustav of Sweden, Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange, Olav V of Norway, and George I of Greece. Sounds normal to me. I hoped for a link but maybe my line comes Viking rulers from Middle Age, after all, I had matches among the Viking sample. 2020) Sex:Male Kln et al (2016) sequenced nine Pre-Pottery Neolithic genomes (c. 8300 to 6300 BCE) from Central Anatolia, while Fernndez et al. Age:Middle Neolithic 3642-3375 cal BC The highest frequencies of mtDNA T1 are observed among the Udmurts (15%) of the Volga-Ural region of Russia, followed by Romania (6%) and the southern Balkans (Bulgaria, Macedonia, Albania, all 4.5%), the northern Fertile Crescent (Lebanon, Iraq, eastern Turkey, all around 5.5%), the South Caucasus (Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, 4.5% to 5.5%), then Austria and the Czech Republic (3.5%).

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