About three in the afternoon, however, it began falling rapidly. Please Contact Us. The blizzard of January 12, 1888, had an immense impact on the lives of all who remembered it. The storm has been an awful one. The Elkhorn train due at Whitewood at 12:15 was three hours late at Buffalo gap and five hours late where it was abandoned. Toward night the downfall of snow ended, the clouds cleared away, and the sun, after for a brief hour again kindly shedding light on the city, sank below the brow of McGovern Hill in a cloudless sky. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The reasons assigned are certainly weighty, and entitled to such consideration as shall work a suspension of public belief, that great loss has been sustained until particulars when obtained, conform or dispel the impression. And so began the day that people from Washington, D.C., to New England experienced the Blizzard of 1888, a weather event so fierce that it's still a storm by which other East Coast storms are measured. Temperature will fall twenty to twenty-five degrees before Saturday. The exact hour when the mercury fell to this point is unknown, but it is generally supposed to have been between the hours of two and four oclock yesterday morning. Based on a little-known blizzard that struck the Great Plains on January 12th, 1888. In several respects this is true. below at the same hour Thursday. The Northwestern sent up a lead coach from Sturgis. But in the settlement of all the prairie country of Iowa and Nebraska the people have had such experiences as are now reported. Edward F. Leonard, of Springfield, Massachusetts, reached to pick up a hat on top of a mound of snow, Caplovich relates, and found an unconscious young girl. Great Blizzard of 1888, winter storm that pummeled the Atlantic coast of the United States, from the Chesapeake Bay to Maine, in March 1888. Whitewood A heavy wind began blowing here at an early hour this morning, and has continued with unabated fury throughout the day. But when the air gets warm the drifts ought to be dumped into the ditches, and without waiting for an official order from the council. Many of these states were United States territories at the time: "Minnie Freeman" redirects here. [7][13] Efforts were made to push the snow into the Atlantic Ocean. Whitewood was reached late in the evening, after lots of hard work. [6], Drifts averaged 3040 feet (9.112.2m), over the tops of houses from New York to New England, with reports of drifts covering three-story houses. The late Frank Thomson of Spearfish provided a vivid recollection of the blizzard in a note to the Rapid City Weather Bureau (dated April 15, 1965): It began on warm morning about 10 oclock or sooner [and] ended 4 oclock next morning. Rapid City Journal article: They stayed overnight, burning stockpiled wood to keep warm. A number of freight outfits also put in an appearance, but, it is to be hoped, not ladened with perishable cargoes. . (2009, November 13). The mercury has been on a tear, and as to all unusual exhilaration and excitement, must follow corresponding despondency or depression, so to the summerlike weather enjoyed here Wednesday, followed a blast of winters breath, than which stronger and colder has seldom, if ever, been felt in the Hills. Temperature at various points in the Hills as reported at 10 oclock last evening, was as follows: Caplovich's book tells the story of William Scribner, of Cannonade, Connecticut, a wire weaver. The electric light succumbed to the conquering cold last night, and was none. This blizzard was named the "Great Blizzard" totaling in property damage of over $25 million and . Not another section of equal area in the storms track has done so well. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. He was followed by Conductor Flanders, with the passenger train that had gone up Friday. The group lost their way with the children dying of hypothermia while the teacher lost her feet to frostbite. The Great Blizzard of 1888 Nothing extraordinary was occuring on the dawn of March 10, 1888, as New Yorkers awoke to go about their daily routine. [11] A full two day closure would not occur again until Hurricane Sandy in 2012.[12]. They reached town without having been frost-bitten. [15], On 1 October 1888, an article appeared in the first issue of the National Geographic Society magazine about the great blizzard. "The storm hit at precisely the wrong time here in northeastern Nebraska, southeastern Dakota. Great Blizzard of 1888: United States 1888: 5. Not that the movement of the trains is accompanied by any degree of pleasure, or even comfort. The Great Blizzard of 1888 killed over 400 people, making it the worst winter storm in U.S. history (death-toll wise). . It severely affected the east coast, in states like New York and Massachusetts. The blizzard of 1888 showed how merciless nature could be if people did not pay enough attention to its signs and did not care about their safety in advance. [7] Teachers generally kept children in their schoolrooms. L.C. However, the deadliest blizzard in the world occurred in Iran, with an estimated 4,000 people dead (some included entire villages). Telephonic advices received from Sundance, state that the storm threat, has, if anything, been severer even than around Spearfish. Indications are, however, that the storm is general, and that great losses and much suffering will ensure all over the state. E.i. The high wind, the light snow and the somewhat severe cold made up a day altogether unpleasant. Not a man is reported to have frozen to death in the Black Hills during the recent storm. . Cattle were in prime condition fatter and stronger than is usual at this season and consequently very much better, able to stand the attack made. Please try another search. The storm paralyzed the East Coast from the Chesapeake Bay to Maine, [1] [2] as well as the Atlantic provinces of Canada. "[5] The Boston Daily Advertiser reported under the headline "Midnight at Noon" that "At Fargo.mercury 47 below zero and a hurricane blowingAt Neche, Dak. Accompanying it has been a continual fall of snow, making the conditions described best by blizzardy. In the cuts between here and Chadron and between here and Whitewood the snow is drifted so badly as to make passage impossible. However, by Sunday afternoon, the temperature had suddenly dropped and rain began to fall. Greenwood -4 Enter a date in the format M/D (e.g., 1/1), Blizzard brings tragedy to Northwest Plains, https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/blizzard-brings-tragedy-to-northwest-plains, In epic Super Bowl upset, Jets make good on Namath guarantee, Hattie Wyatt Caraway becomes first woman elected to U.S. Senate, Original Amos n Andy debuts on Chicago radio, Soviet forces penetrate the siege of Leningrad, Leaders of the Big Four nations meet for the first time in Paris, Malcolm Xs daughter arrested for attempted murder, U.S. announces policy of massive retaliation against Communist aggressors, Hugh Mercer dies from wounds received in Battle of Princeton. Two years later, the legislation creating the Weather Bureau under the Dept. The Great Blizzard of 1888 was also devastating, causing widespread power outages and transportation disruptions. The death toll was 235, though some estimate 1,000. . This blizzard took place in the prairies located at the Dakota and Nebraska frontier and was known as the "Great Blizzard." . They did not feel very uncomfortable until they struck the prairie and the wind struck them. Kerosene illuminated the stores faintly, but sufficiently. The blizzards which result in loss of life elsewhere are here almost unknown. Fire stations were immobilized, and property loss from fire alone was estimated at $25million (equivalent to $750 million in 2023). The worst blizzard death toll in the United States occurred in The Great Blizzard of 1888 in the Northeast. Lead City -10 Train No. Brownsville -26 Cliffside -15 There were amazing rescues. Rapid City Journal articles: Larry Margasak is a retired Washington journalist and a museum volunteer with the Steinway Diary Project. The mercury fell last night at six oclock to twenty-two degrees below zero. When the fast-moving Schoolhouse Blizzard of 1888 ceased on January 13, the death toll was 235. "Using only his bare hands in a fit of frenzied digging, Leonard managed to free the girl and carry her to shelter," the book said. The train due at Whitewood yesterday at noon was detained three hours by drifted cuts at Buffalo Gap and between that town and Rapid. Changing the day will navigate the page to that given day in history. No storm of similar magnitude has occurred anywhere in the. Travel was resumed, the Galena hack making its first trip in two days, and stages from Sturgis, Whitewood, Spearfish, and Carbonate, arriving practically on time. But winter wasn't over. The 1886 blizzard ended up being just the beginning. Yesterday Conductor Leader left Whitewood, with the snow plow in charge, and made the run through to Rapid City without any very great difficulty. Buffalo Gap -20 The strong surface low rapidly moved into southeastern Nebraska by 3 p.m. on January 12 and finally into southwestern Wisconsin by 11 p.m. that same day. All seemed to be moving around lively, and the points and hills, where the snow had blown off, were covered with stock browsing. "Song of the Great Blizzard 1888 'Thirteen Were Saved' or 'Nebraska's Fearless Maid' Song and Chorus by Wm. Death on the Prairies: The Murderous Blizzard of 1888 On January 12, 1888, the weather in the west was mild, compared to previous weeks. Now, in that region such things are almost unheard of. Tow light engines that had set out from Chadron to assist the passenger train got in, and turned around here, and went back. 299-978: 2021 North American winter storm: THE WEATHER The Falling Barometer and Train Movements Dry, gusty winds will promote critical fire weather over southern Arizona Monday. On the other hand, the operation of the road entails what the railroaders denominate grief, and a great deal of it. The time was mid afternoon, just when farmers are working the hardest, when school children are trickling out of their classrooms, far distances from their homes. Rapid City Journal articles: Such are always reported in the wake of severe winter storms in newly settled prairie regions. Little did the people know that a massive cold front was in route and would be catastrophic to the people, their livestock, and the economy in the dekota and nebraska praries. Total depth unmelted snow in 24 hours 1.5 inches. The flag with the black center did not surmount the staff until yesterday afternoon. Hotel men are the only ones who are at present deriving any benefit from the occurrence, all passengers coming down by this mornings Northwestern having been necessarily compelled to remain over until a train arrives. As a result, thousands of peopleincluding many schoolchildrengot caught in the blizzard. Considerable grumbling was heard on yesterday, and not a little fun was poked at the signal service because the cold wave came along without any assistance from the bureau. It will be a long time before all the misery of the storm will be known, or the losses reckoned. 3 into Rapid City lost its headlight in a drift a few miles south of Brennan [Brennan was near Lamb Road and Old Folsom Road east of SD Highway 79 south of Rapid City]. A discouraging report is that there is still another cold wave on the way from Idaho. The Great Blizzard of 1888, also known as the Great Blizzard of '88 or the Great White Hurricane (March 1114, 1888), was one of the most severe recorded blizzards in American history. Along with the cool air, the storm brought high winds and heavy snows. This is why it was also named "the children's blizzard" The factors that made the death toll from the blizzard higher than would normally be expected . The next day, parents made their way over five-foot snow drifts to rescue their children. The storm paralyzed the East Coast from the Chesapeake Bay to Maine,[1][2] as well as the Atlantic provinces of Canada. On March 11 and March 12 in 1888, this devastating nor'easter dumped 40 to 50 inches (100 to 127 cm) of snow in Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey and New York. As soon as the storm subsides sufficiently the track will be cleared, and an effort made to keep it open. Fortunately, the teacher was able to lead the children to shelter. People ventured from the safety of their homes to do chores, go to town, attend school, or simply enjoy the relative warmth of the day. During the late severe storm, it is stated that William Hecht sustained a loss of nine and Frank Murphy six head of cattle. The night was about as cold as was ever experienced here. [7] More than 400 people died from the storm and the ensuing cold, including 200 in New York City alone. [3] Railway and telegraph lines were disabled, and this provided the impetus to move these pieces of infrastructure underground. Friday night will long to be remembered for its intense cold. The deadliest blizzard on record happened in Iran in February 1972 when 4,000 lives were lost. Whitewood -8 The storm abated before dark, and the evening was calm, clear and cold. A freight train is tied up at Hermosa, and the passenger reaching Whitewood yesterday afternoon, from Rapid, is still there waiting orders. The St. Paul [Minnesota] signal officers are derelict in their duty, or this is a snap on the side which they are not supposed to notice. The storm, gathering force as it continued, became by rapid degrees of a truly blizzardy character. the New York Tribune reported the death toll at 145 and "growing every hour." Stories about the storm remained on the front page for a full week. An engine and snow plow, will leave the latter place at seven oclock this morning and endeavor be made to clear this end of the track. Sorry, the location you searched for was not found. WOODRUFF, Lieutenant. Yesterday evening this outfit was shoveled out, and returned to Rapid City. In mid-March 1888 however, the piano manufacturer wasn't thinking about subway tunnels. [7] On March 13, New York City recorded a low of 6F (14C), the coldest so late in the season, with the high rising to only 12F (11C). Over 400 people died, including 100 seafarers, and the damage totaled $20 million. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. 1888, leaving a high death toll in its wake. [1] It went up yesterday, all right. All Rights Reserved. After the Storm National Weather Service Few seats were occupied, but P.T. It was a Thursday afternoon and there had been unseasonably warm weather the previous day from Montana east to the Dakotas and south to Texas. STOPPED AT RAPID CITY The snow plow that started south from here on Frida afternoon laid all night on the track near Brennan, stuck fast in a big drift. "[4], On January 11, a strengthening surface low dropped south-southeastward out of Alberta, Canada into central Montana and then into northeastern Colorado by the morning of January 12. The mercury all day ranged from six to twenty degrees below, and the wind blew steadily from the north. The low that morning was -25 degrees and high was only -10 degrees. Retrieved from https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/blizzard-brings-tragedy-to-northwest-plains. [16], 45th Street and Grand Central Depot, Manhattan, March 12, Cythera, lost with all aboard in the blizzard, Bone Valley Trail, where a herd of cattle froze, 14th Street, New York City, "just after the storm" (March 14). Even should the train succeed in proceeding thence, the fact would afford little reason to hope for any material betterment of conditions, as before Chadron was reached, the worst and heaviest drifts along the line of the road, would be encountered, and the changes are, a delay of several days thereat necessitated. Buffalo Gap 20 March 11-14, East Coast: " Blizzard of 1888 " resulted in 400 deaths and as much as 5 ft of snow. The link you have selected will take you to a non-U.S. Government website for additional information. Signal Office Station log: Killing frost in A.M. It is usually his part to clear the walks. He says he did not go out on the range far, but looked around the home ranch closely. Spring Valley -14 The telegraphed accounts, which have been published in The Journal, were in no wise exaggerated. New York City. William Steinway, president of the noted piano firm Steinway & Son and a leader in the German American community, provides a firsthand account of the storm in his diary, which he kept from 1861 until he died in 1896. He was congratulated when the storm hit, and his purchase gave the store a quick $1,800 profit, according toBlizzard! Temperatures fell throughout the day from a high of 14 degrees shortly after midnight as cold air poured into the area. They have had grief enough. Further and fuller information, impossible as yet to obtain, may establish this fear ill founded, and good reason is urged for anticipating such will be the case, as stock were certainly in better, healthier and stronger condition than they generally are at this season, and therefore better able to withstand the fierce attack of the furious elements. It experienced much difficulty but arrived safely. Greenwood -24 At that hour little or no wind was felt, and according to policemen, and others, whom choice or necessity made wakeful not unusual current of air was noticed until four oclock in the morning., About this time, a heavy fall of snow commenced, very shortly followed by one and then another gust of wind, blowing at a very high rate. Affecting coastal states from Virginia to Maine, this paralyzing storm resulted in widespread death and destruction. Home in evg working.". Within a few hours, the advancing cold front caused a temperature drop from a few degrees above freezing to 20 degrees Fahrenheit (-29 degrees Celsius) [40F (40C) in some places]. Sturgis The blizzard prevailing here today is pronounced by all who are by long residence in Dakota, well qualified to speak advisedly of such occurrences, one of the worst, if not the very worst, that they have ever witnessed. The fast-moving storm first struck Montana in the early hours of January 12, swept through Dakota Territory from midmorning to early afternoon, and reached Lincoln, Nebraska at 3 p.m. In the upper country, and who had gone from the hotels to meet the train, only to hear that it would go no further. Transportation gridlock as a result of the storm was partially responsible for the creation of the first underground subway system in the United States, which opened nine years later in Boston. The high death toll makes the schoolchildren's blizzard one of the deadliest and most remorseful natural disasters in US history. The storm caused officials to recognize the advantages of putting power and telegraph lines, as well as public transit, underground. Herewith are thermometrical readings at points indicated at 9 p.m., as kindly gathered by Arthur Marble [of the telephone exchange]. Just a few months later, another storm dubbed the "Great Blizzard of 1888" struck the Northeast over several days, dropping between 40 to 50 inches of snow and creating snow drifts 30 to 40 feet deep. Signal Office Station log: Killing frost in A.M. Yesterdays snow again blocked up the railroad and traffic is suspended from Chadron, Neb north to Buffalo Gap, Dakota. The phenomenon is unaccounted for. The diary is in the museum's Archives Center, and, thanks to many years of transcription and research, you can nowread the diary online. From the Black Hills Daily Times: Reports from the railroad are indefinite and not assuring. The blizzard caused more than $20 million in property damage in New York City alone and killed more than 400 people, including about 100 sailors, across the Eastern Seaboard. The Iran Blizzard dropped more than 10 feet of snow and lasted for six days across the northern and central regions of the country. The wheels of an engine will ride up on the snow, and the danger of being derailed is so great that the utmost caution must be used in moving. Clear skies and no wind to speak of were reported from all points. Before the day had ended, he wrote inhis diary, his carriage had become stuck three times and he had waded through knee-deep snow near his Gramercy Park home, having "a terrible time getting to my house at 6 p.m." Returning from a canceled theater performance, his wife and two adult children came home covered in snow. Rapid City Journal articles: But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! The Weather Record Still we should be prepared for sad recitals when distant points are heard from. Steinway, who not only founded a world-famous piano firm but also created a residential village in Astoria, New York, builta beach resortand owned railroads and a motor company. The freight train which goes through here, bound south, in the forenoon, on yesterday morning met with an accident at Blackhawk, by which two cars were derailed. Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window), Current one is: January 12. The blizzard was precipitated by the collision of an immense Arctic cold front with warm moisture-laden air from the Gulf of Mexico. The winds demolished power and telegraph lines and resulted in snowdrifts as high as 50 feet (15 metres). I was 7 years and stuck my head around corner of house and nearly choked before I got indoors again. If another heavy snow comes, or if another cold snap freezes things up again, the stock will have to do some pretty tall rustling to keep alive on the range. As the museum looks back at the 128th anniversary of the March 1115 storm, the most compelling story is not just the damage that comes with any severe weather. Others turned streams of hot water on the heaps. TheNew York Timesand other newspapers related how the East and Hudson rivers in New York were frozen, but ice floes formed a natural bridge that allowed commuters to walk across. So far as he is able to tell from observation, no stock perished in the late storm. In Deadwood the thermometer registered zero throughout the day, and at 8 oclock last evening 6 below. METEOROLOGICAL Low temperature Prevails-Delayed Mails-Blockaded Roads of Agriculture was signed by President Benjamin Harrison on October 1, 1890. Brownsville -14 At Central it indicated 33 [below] and at Lead 36 below. A March 1988Smithsonian Magazinearticle by Ezra Bowen, marking the 100th anniversary of the storm, told of a Mrs. M. Brusselars, who was trapped in her Hartford, Connecticut, house for three days with a dozen refugees. 1888 Great Blizzard of 1888: Blizzard: Northeastern United States: Fatalities estimated 400+ 1898 Portland Gale: Storm: New England: 385 1937 Ohio River flood of 1937 . . Here, in the Black Hills country, is it different. Here, in the Black Hills country, there was little suffering, but upon the bleak prairies, to the north, northwest, northeast, east and south, many lives were lost. [14], Roscoe Conkling, an influential Republican politician, died as a result of the storm. Food ran out, but she reported, "we found that under my back porch about 75 to 100 sparrows had gathered, so we killed some of them, made a few sparrow pies, which helped to sustain us. Image: A scene from the Dakotas, from the 1888 January 28 edition of Frank Leslie's Weekly. Mira Valley, Nebraska: Minnie Freeman safely led thirteen children from her schoolhouse to her home, one and a half miles (2.4km) away. Hughes, P. (1976). The last copy of the Rapid Journal received in this city, dated January 13th, contains the substance of an interview with a cattle man of that city, who spoke with a confident belief that Thursdays storm had done little or no appreciable damage to stock on the ranges. A foot of snow fell in Deadwood on Wednesday night, as reported by telephone. Corrections? The final death toll was 235 people, most all of them caught out in the storm when it hit and unable to get to shelter. Rapid City, SD300 East Signal DriveRapid City, SD 57701-3800605-341-9271Comments? US Dept of Commerce Nothing arrived from St. Paul, Yankton, Sioux City, or, in short, any point north of the Northwestern railroad and very little from any direction. The White Hurricane. Sheltered as this city is by surrounding hills, the full fury of the storm was not as severely felt as in neighboring valley towns, where from special telegraphic and telephonic reports received last night at this office, it is learned that perhaps the worst blizzard that has ever swept through the Hills is just over. This blizzardmost notable for its hurricane-force windsis still the deadliest natural disaster to ever hit the Great Lakes region of the U.S. THE GENTLE BLIZZARD An Unchecked, Unlimited Blast from BoreasThe Delights of Travel The Black Hills escape better than the surrounding country. The storm is generally pronounced one of the hardest that has ever visited this section. The Great Storm of '88 by Judd Caplovich, which also cited oft-quoted figures of 400 fatalities, 200 of them in New York City. Carl Saltee, a teenage Norwegian immigrant in Fortier, Minnesota remembered that "on the 12th of January 1888 around noontime it was so warm it melted snow and ice from the window until after 1 p.m." This changed rapidly for the teenager who continued that by 3:30 p.m. "A dark and heavy wall built up around the northwest coming fast, coming like those heavy thunderstorms, like a shot. Froze His Hands ALL BUSINESS SUSPENDED Along the Northern Railroads on Account of Deep Snow, High Wind and Low TemperatureThe Worst Storm on Record. After a mild winter a western snowstorm and a southern warm front converged to create one of the worst winter storms in American history. Then the snow was flying all the time, and every place where the wind could penetrate was blown full of the beautiful. Reports from the ranges are to the effect that stock is in fine condition, grazing good and the situation generally all that could be expected. By 8 pm, the temperature was -10. Official death toll was 49, though estimates of unrecovered bodies ran higher. A herder named Forestel, who has been spending the winter with Joe McCloud in his Battle Creek ranch, came up yesterday to consult Dr. Jones about his hands. Travel in three states (Nebraska, Kansas, and Minnesota) and five territories (South Dakota, North Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho) had almost completely ceased. The Wires Down Below Chadron In southern Iran, however, the numbers were much more drastic. For the Inuk author, see, This article is about the blizzard in the northern Great Plains of the United States. Custer 10. ", National Snow and Ice Data Center: "Have Snow Shovel, Will Travel", http://cslib.cdmhost.com/cdm/landingpage/collection/p15019coll17, Major snow and ice events in the United States, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Great_Blizzard_of_1888&oldid=1150226447, 1888 natural disasters in the United States, Natural disasters in Prince Edward Island, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with dead external links from January 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, $25 million in 1888 (equivalent to $750 million in 2023), This page was last edited on 17 April 2023, at 00:16. South and west the sky was clear, the sun was bright and the air was not disturbed by more than a brisk breeze. Silver vs. Gold: William Steinway's wedge issue of the 1896 election. His opinion to a contrary conclusion is firm, and based on the fact that the duration of the blizzard was limited to a few hours, and thought he temperature accompanying it was severe, it did not last long enough to produce anything like the loss that has been anticipated would develop by people resident in the Hills, unacquainted with the conditions governing successful ventures in stock raising. Clearing the Walks Temperatures plunged to 40 below zero in much of North Dakota. It severely affected the east coast, in states like New York and Massachusetts. It couldnt have been a worse time, especially for the children. A freight starting at noon, reached Black Hawk with difficulty, and a short distance below became stalled and was abandoned. Loss of Stock Stood the Storm Well On January 12, 1888, the so-called Schoolchildrens Blizzard kills 235 people, many of whom were children on their way home from school, across the Northwest Plains region of the United States. Most of the people in southwestern Dakota Territory lived in and along the Black Hills and in a few towns south of Rapid City, which were more protected than the plains. As the weather worsened throughout Monday, workers were stranded in the streets, on trains, in elevated transit cars, and at their places of employment. Deadwood When the sun sank to rest Wednesday evening, and even at the hour when the average Deadwoodian retires to that rest which an easy conscience, and the indulgence of a healthy appetite at supper, generally assures, few anticipated that they would waken to the realization Thursday morning, that during the hours of the night, one of the heaviest storms to which the country has ever been subjected would have then been prevailing several hours. Sustained north winds reached 30 mph. In a few moments, we had the severest snowstorm I ever saw in my life with a terrible hard wind, like a Hurricane, snow so thick we could not see more than 3 steps from the door at times.

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