2093, 2099, 100 L.Ed.2d 704, 714 (1988). The State also posits that Officer Echeverria's testimony was relevant to establish a motive for the shooting and to explain the testimony by witnesses at trial. Justice COUSINS delivered the opinion of the court: The email address cannot be subscribed. She further testified that on the evening of December 13, 1995, Nelson came home looking pale and said that he shot someone. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. Nelson and defendant went to the alley, dropped the papers, threw the gun over a fence, jumped into the Honda and went home. There, they were processed and placed in separate small, windowless interrogation rooms for questioning. Darrell Johnson states that in September 1995 there was a war between the two gangs because a D killed a Lover. manhood; manhunt; mania; maniac; manic; manicure; manicured; Cite this Entry He stated, You do not have to talk to me. The former "prince" of the Maniac Latin Disciples, Garcia was gunned down April 3 in the front seat of his car, allegedly by a member of his own gang. They had their own clubhouses and baseball teams. However, a defendant may preserve an issue for appeal by either raising the issue in a motion in limine or objecting at trial and also raising the issue in a posttrial motion. Detective Wojcik also testified that on June 7, 1997, he transferred Arroyo from the Cook County jail to Area 5. The man began to yell help help and defendant became very scared and left. Assistant State's Attorney Golden testified to pertinent parts of Arroyo's grand jury testimony: MR. The elaborate affair and the overwhelming turnout underscored the organizational skills of one man: Raymond Rolon, 36, who is described by police as a top-ranking Disciple. From 1727 as "pertaining to mania." The noun, "one who is affected with mania, a madman," is attested by 1763, from the adjective. On appeal, defendant contends the circuit court erred in that: (1) defendant's confession should have been suppressed; (2) defendant was denied effective assistance of counsel; (3) defendant's sentences were excessive; and (4) defendant's sentences should run concurrently rather than consecutively. Let's get to the issues that are necessary. Defendant admitted he knew Nelson's brother, David. 748, 697 N.E.2d 302 (1998), to support his contention that Echeverria's testimony impinged on the province of the jury to determine witness credibility. , Harper, D. (n.d.). The State asked, Officer, did the defendant express to you or voice his anger at the Maniac Latin Disciples while you [were] out there looking for the gun? Echeverria responded, Yes. During the cross-examination of Echeverria, defense counsel made a motion for mistrial as a result of Echeverria revealing the statement made him while searching for the weapon used to shoot Floco. In the mid-1970s, the Latin Disciples formed an alliance with the Latin Eagles, Spanish Cobras, and Imperial Gangsters street gangs; this alliance was called the United Latino Organization. The police response in Olivera and the police response here are strikingly similar. One Logan Square resident in Colom's ward said she arrived at the polling place, surveyed the gangbangers and decided not to vote. Retrial is permitted even though evidence is insufficient to sustain a verdict once erroneously admitted evidence has been discounted; for purposes of double jeopardy all evidence submitted at the original trial may be considered when determining the sufficiency of the evidence. maniac. Do some of your intelligence gathering activities involve interviews of people who have already been incarcerated, for example, in the Cook County Jail? *** Any further act of Mr. Barajas walking along with him, things like that, Court has no problem with him, if you can qualify him [as an] expert.. Scaduto testified that Arroyo gave her a statement dated June 7, 1997, regarding the shooting and that she explained to him that his statement would be memorialized and he would have the opportunity to make any additions, changes or corrections to that statement once it was written. On cross-examination, Shebish testified that Arroyo provided him with a description of the offenders and the vehicle driven by the offenders. They planned to wait until all five company trucks came in and everybody left because, at that point, the man would exit with the cash. Defense counsel made a motion in limine outside of the presence of the jury to limit Officer Cesar Echeverria's anticipated testimony regarding statements made to him by the defendant on September 26, 1995, as Echeverria searched for the weapon used in the murder of the defendant's friend, Floco. Over the next decade, according to accounts, Rolon tried to take a lower profile in the street-level operations of the Disciples, working on political campaigns and rising in rank from a laborer in the Streets and Sanitation Department to his current position as a caulker in the Water Department. Etymology of maniac. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com/word/maniac. 720 ILCS 5/24-1.2(a)(2), (b) (West 1994). Accordingly, we remand the cause to the circuit court for retrial. Defendant appeals. There are grammar debates that never die; and the ones highlighted in the questions in this quiz are sure to rile everyone up once again. Case: 1:17-cv-05093 Document #: 1 Filed: 07/11/17 Page 6 of 22 PageID #:6. Arroyo also testified that in July 1997 he was present before a grand jury. On the way, defendant stopped at a drinking fountain, looked around, and asked the detective what was going on. The detective told him there were a number of State's Attorneys in the office who were reviewing the case, they were deciding who was going to be charged, and what charges were going to be placed. According to the detective, defendant then responded, Get those State's Attorneys in. According to the witnesses, Almodovar then called an emergency meeting of the Talman/Wabansia faction of the Disciples on Feb. 13, where he ordered all of them except the "gunners" to go home and to remain indoors for five days to avoid retribution from the Cobras and scrutiny from police. These niggas are straight crazy and used to be deep in Humboldt Park, Logan Square, Bucktown, Waukegan, Elgin, Rockford, Aurora and other states besides IL. And had you seen him numerous times prior to that? Johnson's statement provided, in pertinent part: Darrell Johnson states that on September 27, 1995, at about 12:50 p.m. he was in Eric Givens' car with Eric and Astol Arroyo. The original president of the Gaylords selected the name after reading about the Gaylords in the public library (the Gaillards, later anglicized to Gaylord, were people from Normandy who lived near the Chteau Gaillard, constructed by Richard I). The Satan's Disciples are very close to Maniac Latin Disciples (MLD's), as well as the Black Disciples (BD's), the Gangster Disciples (GD's), and the Spanish Gangster Disciples (SGD's). He said he did not have any. Their assignment: Hang posters throughout the ward, pull down rival signs and intimidate voters into casting their ballots for DuPrey. K-C stood for Kostner-Cortland where it started 1972- 1983. Please try again. "It's one of the best benefits packages in the country. Officer Echeverria, do the gangs have rules regarding cooperation with the police in the investigation of criminal activity? A motion for a new trial must specify the grounds therefor. In Mason, the testimony of a police officer included: the names of the two umbrella organizations of street gangs in Chicago; the names of active gangs in Illinois; how members signify their affiliation through clothing, hand signs, verbal manifestations, graffiti and tattoos; how one shows disrespect to a rival gang; the names of Hoover, King, and other top gang leaders; and a statement that the Gangster Disciples gang is trying to legitimize themselves by becoming a Political Action Committee which they call growth and development. Mason, 274 Ill.App.3d at 720-21, 210 Ill.Dec. However, gang-related evidence will not necessarily be excluded if it is otherwise relevant and admissible. Carson, 238 Ill.App.3d at 464, 179 Ill.Dec. Arroyo testified that on September 27, 1995, at about 12:50 p.m., he was riding around in a grey Cadillac with Darrell Johnson and Eric Givens in the area of Washtenaw and Cortland. When you saw Negro in the driver's seat of that car, what happened next? You will be governor of that corner. THE COURT: Please let's not turn this into a seminar on gangs. Echeverria also testified that gang alliances are maintained behind prison walls and once you are in jail you have to belong to either folks or people just to survive. ", "He's one guy in 1,000," Mell said. Sense of "fad, craze, enthusiasm resembling mania, eager or uncontrollable desire" is by 1680s, from French manie in this sense. Made with Adobe Premiere Clip. The victim, an elderly male suffering from a fatal gunshot wound, was found in the parking lot of his business at Elston and Berteau, a short distance from the Pulaski and Irving intersection. Retrieved $(datetime), from https://www.etymonline.com/word/maniac. Latin Translation. Officer Souchet's testimony established that on August 18, 1997, at approximately 11 p.m., he made a traffic stop at 2317 North Milwaukee. Q. Etymology of maniac. The Court erred in allowing Chicago Police Officer Ceasar Echivierria [sic] [to] testify as an expert witness. They've got sisters. [citation needed]. In closing arguments Thursday, Cook County Assistant State's Attorney Mark Shlifka told jurors that "very rarely do we see the genesis, the beginning of what leads to the end result. Q. Gloria Ortiz, girlfriend of co-defendant Nelson Coco Rivera, testified that she lived at 1839 North Harding in Chicago with Nelson Rivera, Nelson's brother David Rivera, and David's wife, Miriam. The defense then rested its case in chief. madman, lunatic; a person characterized by an inordinate or ungovernable enthusiasm for something See the full definition . But others say the Disciples' strong-arm tactics seemed to work. Imperial Gangster Nation History. 285, 290, 102 L.Ed.2d 265, 273 (1988); People v. Avery, 180 Ill.App.3d 146, 157, 128 Ill.Dec. Saying maniac in European Languages. Bradshaw, 462 U.S. at 1042, 103 S.Ct. The trial court did not abuse its discretion in allowing Echeverria to testify as an expert. Nglish: Translation of maniac for Spanish Speakers, Britannica English: Translation of maniac for Arabic Speakers. *** The rule is that you don't cooperate with the police. Of course, Kim Jong-Un takes an image hit as a Katy Perry-obsessed, margarita-drinking maniac with daddy issues. A Cook County grand jury returned the verdict against Almodovar on Thursday evening after more than three hours of deliberation. All rights reserved. "Gangs bring me nothing to the table. Therefore, since the Class 1 felonies in the instant case did not involve the infliction of severe bodily harm to the victims of those felonies, mandatory consecutive sentences are not provided for under section 5/5-8-4(a) of the Illinois Unified Code of Corrections. The testimony revealed that, at approximately 8:50 a.m., defendant asked to use the restroom. The Dec. 7 attack was believed a retaliation for a shots-fired incident that happened on Dec.. Thus, with no aspersions to the detective, we find the detective's statement was more akin to the statement made by the officer in Olivera, which the Illinois Supreme Court found to be improper, than to the warning made by the officer in Bradshaw, which the United States Supreme Court found to be proper. The rival gangs in question, I will allow that., Officer Cesar Echeverria testified that he had been a member of the Chicago police department gang tactical unit for approximately eight years. He was hardly reassured when members of the universitys board of trustees, following a special executive meeting convened by the governor in March, described Wallace as scared, crazy, and acting like a raving maniac.. Yes, they do. Radkins saw a gray compact car, with its lights on and motor running, blocking the garage. Any form of intelligence we can gather on gangs and their members. After the State inquired as to Echeverria's work history in the 14th District and his familiarity with the gangs in that area, the judge found that Officer Echeverria was an expert in the area of gangs regarding the 14th district, the particular areas of California and Milwaukee and Talman and Wabansia. Echeverria's testimony included the following: People and folks are the 2 factions that are broken into the gangs in the city. Defendant further contends that such testimony by Officer Echeverria was inflammatory, irrelevant, and invaded the jury's province by bolstering the credibility of prior inconsistent statements made by Johnson and Arroyo. Since the late 1970s, Rolon has been arrested for a variety of crimes, including armed robbery, drug possession and battery, but has never been convicted. You have requested an attorney and I don't want you talking to me unless you so desire because anything you say-because-since you have requested an attorney, you know, it has to be at your own free will. Bradshaw, 462 U.S. at 1042, 103 S.Ct. at 2833, 77 L.Ed.2d at 410. During their peak period, the Chicago Gaylords held sets (or sections) on the North Side, West side, and the South Side of Chicago. Dr. Lifshultz testified that he conducted the autopsy of Eric Givens and observed a gunshot wound entrance on the left side of Givens' back. Thus, it is presumed that any waiver has come at the authorities' behest (Roberson, 486 U.S. at 681, 108 S.Ct. He's told me many times. The court also asked, How many times in that 6 year period have you been in contact with Mr. Barajas? Echeverria stated, Numerous times. In Illinois, an individual will be permitted to testify as an expert if the witness' experience and qualifications afford the witness knowledge that is not common to lay persons and where such testimony will aid the trier of fact in reaching its conclusion. Affirmed in part and modified in part; cause remanded with directions. Generally, a police officer's testimony regarding gang activity is proper when the officer's testimony qualifies as expert opinion, the testimony is relevant, and the prejudicial effect of the opinion does not outweigh its probative value. [7] It must also be noted that the Uptown Rebels were suspected of the murder and were more likely the real perpetrators of the crime. A. Where the facts are essentially uncontroverted and the credibility of witnesses is not at issue, de novo review is appropriate. In the ensuing two days, gang warfare left one victim blinded and more than a dozen others suffering other injuries, prosecutors said. The Almighty Gaylords Nation is one of Chicago's oldest street gangs[4] and was founded in the West Town neighborhood of Chicago in 1953. Darrell Johnson stated that he saw the Latin Lover point a large black gun at Bull's car from the driver's side of the car he was in Darrell Johnson state that he told Lurch to drive away when he saw the gun. As "pertaining to or characteristic of a maniac," by 1701. They are the leader of the Maniac folks, which includes them, Maniac Campbell Boys, Young Latin Organization Disciples and used to . The politicians repaid the gang members with city jobs and protection from police, money for sports equipment and rent for their clubhouses. Harper, Douglas. At trial, the testimony revealed that the victim, Ted Kontzias, operated Alfa Restaurant Supply Company at 4318 North Elston in Chicago, on the northwest corner of Elston and Berteau. "We have done more to kick gangs in the ass," he said. The expert gang testimony in Carson is significantly more limited than the expert testimony in the instant case. Lockhart v. Nelson, 488 U.S. 33, 40, 109 S.Ct. THE COURT: Well, as far as the Court is concerned the Officer has experience. Over the years, hes clapped, stomped and gestured like a, Post the Definition of maniac to Facebook, Share the Definition of maniac on Twitter. The gang was founded by Rudy Rios, who was a former member of the Latin Scorpions (Maniac Latin Disciples) street gang. Officer Granias testified that he also went to the scene. Q. Usually, at the end of each day, the victim took the day's money proceeds and paperwork home, but on December 13, 1995, the date of the incident, the victim's wife took the money home around 8:15 p.m. James Radkins testified that shortly before 9 p.m. that evening, he arrived with his family at their family home at 4150 North Springfield, at the intersection of Springfield and Berteau, across the street from the Alfa Restaurant Supply Company parking lot. It was stipulated that the warrant for his arrest was issued on July 12, 1997. He was sentenced to 34 years' imprisonment for first degree murder and 4 years' imprisonment for each count of aggravated discharge of a firearm, to be served consecutively. Wojcik denied that he promised Arroyo another visit with his infant daughter on July 8, 1997. According to bystanders, Rolon told the Cobra, "You ain't putting up no sign here. And put them out there to sell narcotics. There, Wallace "Gator" Bradley--one of Hoover's top aides--recalls meeting Rolon, who Bradley said introduced himself as a member of the Maniac Latin Disciples and discussed forming a truce between Hispanic gangs. Detective Ronald Koncz testified for the defense that he interviewed Anna Torres and she gave him a description of the shooter. "You had the opportunity to be inside that gang, to be at a gang meeting," he said. The State inquired about the written statement signed by Arroyo on June 7, 1997, regarding the events of the September 27, 1995, shooting. Send us feedback about these examples. Radkins investigated the gray car, walked past where it had stopped and noticed the car was a gray Honda with license plate number CPP 816. While incarcerated years earlier . Arroyo testified that when he arrived at Area 5 violent crimes headquarters on June 7, 1997, Assistant State's Attorney Lorraine Scaduto had a statement already written up for him to sign regarding the events on September 27, 1995. After cross-examination, defense counsel, in a sidebar, objected to Echeverria being characterized as a gang expert, reasoning that his qualifications are [not] close to being expert witness qualifications.. After summoning an ambulance, Officer Caraballo and her partner knelt down and asked the victim what happened. The witnesses included Victor Sanchez, a Spanish Cobra who lost the sight in both eyes to a Disciple bullet. Golden stated that Arroyo agreed to go before the grand jury. The gang first came together as a defense mechanism against the continuous harassment . 671, 645 N.E.2d 923 (1994). Once a defendant invokes that right, the police cannot interrogate him unless the accused himself initiates further communication, exchanges, or conversations with the police. Edwards v. Arizona, 451 U.S. 477, 484-85, 101 S.Ct. Chief can you know assign, so and so you take this corner. Both subjects. He could not recall testifying before the grand jury. Golden stated that, during this interview, Johnson agreed to testify before the grand jury. At defendant's jury trial, Anna Torres testified for the State that on September 27, 1995, at about 1 p.m., she observed a four-door vehicle traveling on Washtenaw with a grey vehicle following closely behind it. Stay up-to-date with how the law affects your life. We do not blame the maniac who burns a house down and brains a policeman, nor the mad dog who bites a minor poet. She heard shots being fired by the passenger sitting behind the driver in the second car. Arroyo testified that as he was driving, he noticed a grey car on the east side of Washtenaw on Cortland. She recognized the defendant and told Officer Souchet that defendant was wanted for a homicide. The State then asked, And all gang members are not necessarily involved in the sale of narcotics, is that correct? Officer Echeverria responded, Correct. Echeverria then continued: Lowest wrung of the ladder would just be a foot soldier, someone hangs out there, who is assigned to do security for one hour, carry the gun. *** It is totally different than what happens on the street.. Also, in the instant case, the testimony of Officer Echeverria and other witnesses establishes that at the time of the shooting, the victim and the defendant's gangs were at war. Additionally, in Mason, the testimony regarding specifically named gang leaders and the gang's attempt to legitimize itself is an example of irrelevant and inflammatory testimony that is not present in the instant case. Accessed 2 May. DuPrey, however, said Rolon only worked for his campaign "on a very limited basis" and that he had no knowledge of an organized effort by the Disciples to aid his candidacy. He also testified that he knew the victim, Eric Givens, because they grew up together and he was a good friend of his in 1995. A. Now, in 1995 were the Latin Lovers and the Maniac Latin Disciples, were they getting along at that time? Even by gang standards, Enrique "Rickdog" Garcia's funeral was a bizarre spectacle. On each side of the driver of the galloping steeds stood a man, shouting like a maniac of the boatswain type. Radkins went to the alley and saw computer papers and ledger sheets, which he had not seen before. Crimes Associated With: Narcotic Sales, assaults, weapon sales, and drive-by shootings. Q. Officer Gina Rodriguez testified that on August 18, 1997, she observed the occupants of a vehicle stopped by Officer Souchet. This drug is believed to be "Molly" and is undergoing further testing. Here, defendant asked to use the restroom after being at the police department overnight. Assistant State's Attorney John Kirby said the evidence against Almodovar included a sign-in sheet that recorded the names of gang members who attended the Feb. 13 meeting. For as much as Walter was a maniac, he was at the forefront of printing art. Starting in the early 1990s, they staged protests at City Hall, persuaded politicians to lobby the state parole board for Hoover's release and created 21st Century VOTE to support local candidates. An evidence technician testified that on the evening of December 13, 1995, he found snow on the ground and paperwork lying behind the garage at 4150 N. Springfield, consisting of computer printouts, invoices and other papers. On August 11, 2011, HSI Special Agents Frank Colon, Jason Johnsen, Raymond Or maybe de Champaigne was a Maniac Latin Disciple. "[6] In 1970, they were suspected for being involved in the murder of a black Chicago citizen named Joe Henson, but no charges were brought: a later feature article in the Chicago Reader alleged police and political coverup. Harper Douglas, Etymology of maniac, Online Etymology Dictionary, accessed $(datetime), https://www.etymonline.com/word/maniac. Defendant then gave a statement. The house located at 2319 North California Avenue was the home of Latin Lovers gang members and was frequented by gang members from that area. In it, defendant admitted he was Maniac Latin Disciple and that Nelson Coco Rivera was also a Maniac Latin Disciple. Copyright 2023, Thomson Reuters. Albazi glanced at two males running through an alley. The Spanish Gangster Disciples concept originated in the year of 1974. Robert Becker and Andrew Martin and Tribune Staff Writers. Or maybe the fact that you can kind of see all five fingers represents the gang signs and the devil horns uncurling into an annunciation .

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