Nursing Interventions Nursing interventions are based on the data assessed by the nurse and on the symptoms that the patient manifests. If required, adjust O 2 levels. People with anemia have a low hemoglobin level. Nursing Interventions for Abnormal Platelet Values Definition Decreased Values At risk for bleeding Apply pressure to venipuncture sites for at least 5 mins. A low hemoglobin level means the patient cannot transport adequate oxygen to the different body organs and tissues, causing the patient to feel weak, tired, and easily fatigued. Anemia epidemiology, pathophysiology, and etiology in low- and middle-income countries. C. 9 to 11 g/dL. Yes, Recommendations based on patient-oriented outcomes? Keep it up, this article is so important to Nursing students , big up yourselves ,God bless you, Changes in O 2 percentages should be in 5% to 10% increments. It is usually possible to determine whether the presence of anemia is caused by destruction or inadequate production of erythrocytes on the basis of the following factors. Use of nutritional supplements. 6. 2. A patient who is experiencing signs of activity intolerance and reduced tissue oxygenation may show symptoms including dyspnea on exertion, headaches, dizziness, and palpitation which should be monitored. ACCN Essentials of Critical Care Nursing. This material may not otherwise be downloaded, copied, printed, stored, transmitted or reproduced in any medium, whether now known or later invented, except as authorized in writing by the AAFP. Copyright 2021 by the American Academy of Family Physicians. An Hb value less than 5.0 g/dL (50 g/L) can lead to heart failure and death. They are: On top of this, certain people are prone to develop low hemoglobin levels due to: Complications of low hemoglobin levels may lead to various health issues such as: Diagnosing low hemoglobin levels and anemia would include a variety of techniques, some of which are: Treatment protocols and approaches for patients with low hemoglobin include a variety of techniques such as: Nursing Diagnosis: Fatigue related to low hemoglobin secondary to iron deficiency anemia as evidenced by dyspnea, inability to maintain usual level of physical activity, increased rest requirements, and patients report of fatigue and lack of energy. The environment is important to patients with low neutrophil counts and protective isolation precautions should be practiced. (Hb and HCT are both high during and immediately after hemorrhage.). Monitoring the patients response to the activities and interventions will serve as a guide for the optimal progression of the activity and condition. Anemia is usually discovered and quantified by measurement of the RBC count, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit (Maakaron & Besa, 2021). The patient will demonstrate improved wellness as indicated by the absence of fever and within the normal WBC count. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common cause of anemia worldwide. The nurse should use words and languages that the patient and the family members will easily understand. Hemoglobin is a protein in your red blood cells. A decreased level of a patients platelet count will increase his or her risk of bleeding. Option A: Fatigue is a symptom of anemia as a result of decreased oxygenation. Nursing Diagnosis: Deficient Knowledge related to low hemoglobin level secondary to aplastic anemia evidenced by inaccurate follow-through of instructions, questioning members of the health care team, and verbalization of inaccurate information. 2. Instruct the patient and their visitors on proper handwashing techniques. Nursing Diagnosis: Risk for Infection related to reduced internal defenses, secondary to anemia as evidenced by compromised status, presence of fever, and abnormal laboratory findings. Thank you a lot for the great work you are doing and may God bless you! As the body develops issues in the production of red blood cells, so will the hemoglobin levels start to plummet. Without anemia, the ferritin threshold for iron deficiency is uncertain. hi, Im a student nurse from Malawi, thank you for putting this together. 2. She earned her BSN at Western Governors University. Hypoxia from normocytic anemia and other medical problems and situations may cause fatigue in the patient and may compromise the patients activity tolerance. 1. Its simple and well summarised. Learn how your comment data is processed. Please try after some time. Give IV fluids to the dehydrated pt.3. Many things can cause low hemoglobin, and most of the time you cant manage low hemoglobin on your own. Thalassemias. Food such as green leafy vegetables, tofu, red meat, raisins, and dates contain a lot of iron (Xiao, 2022). Low Hgb/Hct leads to anemia. Check the cause and the level of the patients fatigue. 14 to 16 g/dL. Diseases, conditions and other factors that affect red blood cell production include: Your bone marrow constantly produces red blood cells. GI Tests iodine contrast dyes should be scheduled before bariumstudies, 2. Normal 1 - 3% of WBC countFXn: Phagocytic Antigen/Antibody responce, alergic responce Asthma-alergic reactionDecreased Values - burns, shock, increased adrenosteroid productionIncreased Values - parasitic infections GI, autoimmune diseases, allergic reaction, asthma, leukemia, renal failure. She found a passion in the ER and has stayed in this department for 30 years. 3. Nursing Care Plan for: Activity Intolerance, Anemia, Low Hemoglobin, Sickle Cell Anemia, Iron Deficiency, Pernicious, Aplastic Anemia, Folic Acid Deficiency, and Thalassemia. Decreased Hb levels are found in anemia states (a condition in which there is a reduction of Hb, hematocrit [HCT], or RBC values). https://www.gastrojournal.org/action/showPdf?pii=S0016-5085%2820%2934847-2, Immediate, unlimited access to all AFP content, Immediate, unlimited access to this issue's content. PMID: 28403561. Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with iron deficiency caused by atrophic gastritis and hypochlorhydria, which reduce iron absorption. 3. Anemia has been associated with negative health and development outcomes and delayed child development (Chaparro & Suchdev, 2019). You often lose some blood during hemodialysis treatments and blood testing. Please follow your facilities guidelines, policies, and procedures. Causes excessive dietary or IV intake, renal failure, Addison's disease, taking a K sparing diuretic Aldactone, hemolysis of RBCs, blood transfusion with hemolyzed blood, infection, acidosis, dehydration, Decreased Values Hypokalemia >6.5meq/l, 1. In order to detect changes in the patients condition before they become life-threatening, it is necessary to compare serial laboratory values to track the patients disease progression. Raw food, raw vegetables, and uncooked meat can harbor bacteria. Oxygen saturation should be checked and monitored to assess the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the patients blood. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. Encourage the patient to ask for help.The patient may be reluctant to ask for help with self-care or household responsibilities. Diagnostic procedures are important to help in diagnosing the type of anemia which will be based on the changes in the RBC levels and the findings in the bone marrow aspiration. Check and monitor the patients white blood cell count (WBC). 2014. 1. 2. When the patients RBC level is decreased it will decrease the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. Women: 12.0 to 16.0 g/dL or 120 to 160 g/L. Ignatavicius, D. D., Workman, M. L., Rebar, C. R., & Heimgartner, N. M. (2020). Fatigue can be brought on by a variety of medical disorders including anemia that results in the patients inability to tolerate physical activities and exercise, but in particular, tissue hypoxia caused by normocytic anemia is a known cause of fatigue. Hemodial Int. This information is intended to be nursing education and should not be used as a substitute for professional diagnosis and treatment. 5. Several common conditions associated with IDA can be diagnosed noninvasively, before or after endoscopy. PMID: 26061331; PMCID: PMC4616486. Medical-surgical nursing: Concepts for interprofessional collaborative care. Hello, am a student nurse at Kamuzu College of Nursing in Malawi, this article helped me a lot. Option C:Decreased hemoglobin is one of the signs that form the diagnosis of anemia. The patient will express understanding about his or her condition and possible causative factors. Perform 12-lead ECG Decreased blood volume causes tachycardia and arrhythmias. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. #Blacklivesmatter: Leveraging family collaboration in pain management, Social media use and critical care nursing: Implications for practice. The American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) developed guidelines for the evaluation of IDA in adults. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. However, the universal treatment scheme is through careful medical management and supportive therapy. Intravenous iron may be appropriate with malabsorption, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic kidney disease, or ongoing blood loss. It has been so helpful. Anemia is not a specific disease state but an underlying disorder and the most common hematologic condition. Very Well Health. A. Anemia. Provide WBC growth factors for patients if prescribed. Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells, and due to their lack of biconcave shape, their stability cannot be guaranteed in the sheer stress it would be subjected to in the blood circulation. 3. Transfusion can often be avoided by ordering bedrest while therapy is initiated for a client with correctable anemia, such as pernicious anemia (Maakaron & Besa, 2021). Anemia can be temporary or long term and can range from mild to severe. Precautionary steps that decrease the risk of skin breaking would also reduce the likelihood of bleeding. To eradicate the infection. Assist the patient in prioritizing activities and establishing balance between activity and rest that would be acceptable to the patient. GI Tests NPO 8 hours before the test, a. ask the patient if (s)he is allergic to shellfish or iodine, b. the patient should be well-hydrated before & after the exam, 3. Hypoproliferative anemias are corrected reticulocyte count of < 2%, and are further divided by the mean corpuscular volume into microcytic anemia (MCV <80 fl), normocytic anemia (MCV 80 to 100 fl), and macrocytic anemia (MCV >100 fl). The patient will be free from bruises and petechiae. 2017 Jun;21 Suppl 1:S78-S82. Assess for any signs of bleeding.Bruising or hematomas, blood in the stool or urine, pallor, dizziness, tachycardia, or hypotension are signs of bleeding. doi: 10.1136/bmjgast-2021-000759. Educate the patient on bleeding control measures such as: Making the switch from tampons to pads. Consolidation and maximizing blood samples (either by increasing the amount of blood drawn) reduces the number of venipunctures required. Educate the patient about bleeding precautions.Bleeding precautions like using a soft toothbrush and the use of an electric shaver instead of a razor can decrease the risk of spontaneous bleeding. To promote WBC production. The therapist also can help the client and family evaluate the need for additional energy-conservation measures in the home setting. C. Decreased hemoglobin. Refer the client and family to an occupational therapist.The occupational therapist can teach the client about using assistive devices. It is the authoritative guide to nursing diagnoses, reviewed and approved by the NANDA International Diagnosis Development Committee (DDC). Hello 1. Check the patients skin for the presence of bruises and petechiae. Having anemia, also referred to as low hemoglobin, can make you feel tired and weak. The nurse should explain to the patient that these sites are the most common site for bleeding. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. such as citrus fruits and fresh raw vegetables such as dark green leafy vegetables. From kenya, Hey,Im a BsN student at kabarak university,Kenya.this article has been of great help.Thanks. A slightly low hemoglobin count isn't always a sign of illness it can be normal for some people. Eat plenty of vitamin C-rich foods. 3. identify if the intervention is independent, dependent or collaborative. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. She takes the topics that the students are learning and expands on them to try to help with their understanding of the nursing process and help nursing students pass the NCLEX exams. This is very beneficial to the nursing students so thank you for supplying this info. She found a passion in the ER and has stayed in this department for 30 years. This threshold has 85% sensitivity and 92% specificity for iron deficiency. 4. Attainment or progress toward desired outcome. Many things affect hemoglobin levels. 1. Low levels of platelet may occur because of the bone marrow. Second, the use of medications and chemical agents results in bone marrow destruction, leading to a lack of erythrocyte production. Nursing Diagnosis: Activity Intolerance related to low hemoglobin and imbalance between oxygen supply and demand secondary to pernicious anemia. Early assessment of these symptoms will help the nurse in facilitating immediate treatment. Hemoglobin (Hb), the main component of erythrocytes (red blood cells [RBCs]), serves as the vehicle for the transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Saunders comprehensive review for the NCLEX-RN examination. Pernicious anemia This type of anemia is characterized by the inefficiency of the body to absorb vitamin B12 due to a pre-existing autoimmune disease. The following are measures to prevent anemia, especially in highly vulnerable patient groups: Nursing Diagnosis: Fatigue related to lack of decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of blood due to decreased hemoglobin levels, secondary to anemia, as evidenced by frequent rest periods, dyspnea or pain during exercise, and verbalized exhaustion. Hello, Im a BSN student at the Catholic University of Eastern Africa. Oral iron formulations appear to be similarly effective and tolerated. Significantly increased - hepatitis, liver necrosis or ischemia, 2. 3. Attainment or maintenance of adequate nutrition. Yes, Guideline developed by participants without relevant financial ties to industry? Clients with nutritional anemia due to iron deficiency should be educated on food that is rich in iron. 1. The patient will be able to express understanding about the use of energy conservation principles and techniques. Policy. During esophagogastroduodenoscopy, routine gastric biopsies are not recommended. It affects 3% of adults and is slightly more common in women younger than 50 years. Maintenance of adequate tissue perfusion. Ask the patient about his or her manifestation of activity intolerance and ask him or her to rate perceived exertion on a scale of 0-10. H. pylori can also cause atrophic gastritis, but it can be diagnosed noninvasively.

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