You may also call Dr. Jacquie Smiles at212-972-3522. All content on this website is provided as information only and does not in any way replace medical advice. Staining can be caused by food, drink, tobacco, aging and other factors. Click here for instructions on how to enable JavaScript in your browser. Required fields are marked *. But instead of paying $400 or more at the dentist, you can get this kit from just $149, and complete the whole process from home. This procedure is typically limited to treatment of extrinsic stains or defects that do not extend beyond the enamel.15, 43 Overall, the removal of intrinsic stains within the dentin is considered near impossible when using an external whitening procedure (i.e., chemical and/or mechanical) whitening treatments.17, Whitening of non-vital discolored teeth may be performed through intracoronal (internal) bleaching, a procedure that uses carbamide peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, or sodium perborate to provide adequate internal bleaching of non-vital teeth.44 In rare instances, non-vital tooth bleaching has been associated with reports of external cervical resorption, but the overall incidence of this adverse effect is not considered common.45, 46, Examples of whitening treatment considerations may include the patient lifestyle, socioeconomic status, and present oral health.32, 33 Since restorative materials generally do not change color, identifying and documenting existing tooth restorations as part of the dental examination can help promote and achieve an acceptable tooth bleaching outcome. In April, the U.S Food and Drug Administration denied a petition by the American Dental Association denied a request by the American Dental Association to reclassify peroxide-containing teeth-whitening preparations as drugs. In North Carolina, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has taken the side of the retail shops, holding that North Carolinas state dental board illegally thwarted competition by working to bar non-dentist providers of teeth-whitening goods and services from selling their products to consumers.. Many dentists offer the service, which involves applying peroxide-containing preparations to the teeth. Recurrent lipoid pneumonia associated with oil pulling. Teeth whitening in the United States is high in demand, and its expected to remain this way for years to come. Charcoal-based mouthwashes: A literature review. Brooks JK, Bashirelahi N, Reynolds MA. Patients who have tooth-colored restorations (including crowns or implants) should be aware that only natural teeth will be affected by the bleaching agent and treatment could result in differences between natural teeth and restorations, which will not change color.28 The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry discourages full-arch cosmetic bleaching for child and adolescent patients in the mixed dentition and primary dentition.34 Additionally, some research suggests that bleaching protocols may alter the surface roughness of enamel, which may also reduce the shear bond strength between enamel and composite and ceramic restorative materials.35. She has been a regular contributor to Dentaly.org since 2017, and collaborates with dozens of dentists to keep this content accurate and up-to-date. Customers could purchase her products as a take home kit or apply them to their own teeth while visiting the spa where she operated her business. Only natural teeth can be whitened, not tooth-colored restorations. The Board here is not claiming that all state anticompetitive policy decisions have immunity. The effects of light on bleaching and tooth sensitivity during in-office vital bleaching: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Auschill TM, Hellwig E, Schmidale S, Sculean A, Arweiler NB. Journal of Dentistry 2018;72:64-70. Policy on the use of dental bleaching for child and adolescent patients. Although home whitening doesn't give you the assurance of a dental professional administering your treatment, it is safe as long as you choose a good quality product and follow the instructions carefully. The 6-3 decision allows the FTC challenge to the board's cease and desist orders on teeth whitening by non-dentists. Privacy | Disclaimer. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2011;32(3):e53-7. The average cost for Zoom teeth whitening is around $400 on average, and laser teeth whitening costs around $1,000. A Jefferson County judge is currently considering whether she should declare the ban unconstitutional or dismiss the lawsuit that challenges the law, explained reporter Ken Faulk in a Sept. 4 for the Birmingham News. Irusa K, Abd Alrahaem I, Ngoc CN, Donovan TD. J Esthet Restor Dent 2013;25(2):85-95. Majeed A, Farooq I, Grobler SR, Rossouw RJ. Common treatments include Zoom and laser teeth whitening. Customers are often pleasantly surprised to learn teeth whitening treatments at a dentist office is affordable and safe! Eachempati P, Kumbargere Nagraj S, Kiran Kumar Krishanappa S, Gupta P, Yaylali IE. Dental organizations support the restrictions and still believe customers are at risk due to retailers practicing dentistry illegally. Professional whitening is definitely more effective than drug store treatments. Bottom Braces: Can You get Braces for Your Bottom Teeth Only? A variety of approaches to prevent bleaching sensitivity have been explored, such as pretreatment use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs57, 58 and pretreatment application of 5% potassium nitrate and 2% sodium fluoride gel.59, 60 Further research is needed to confirm the efficacy of these approaches in reducing tooth sensitivity. Take-home bleaching kits might be the best teeth whitening method for you if you are disciplined enough to follow your dentists instructions and don't need the rapid results provided by more expensive in-office teeth whitening treatments. ". Haywood VB. The North Carolina dental board argues that its actions are not subject to such challenges because federal antitrust laws do not apply to actions taken by a state or its agencies. At-homedental whitening costs less than teeth whitening costs at the dentist because you're spending relatively little time in the dentist's chair. Share this conversation Before hiring a lawyer, make sure they're the right fit Book your free consultation In partnership with Answered in 1 minute by: 10/16/2017 Business Lawyer: Infolawyer Statista: U.S. population: Usage of tooth whiteners from 2011 to 2024. Dentists know this and are constantly working to offer the best ways to help patients achieve a whiter smile. Effect of bleaching gel concentration on tooth color and sensitivity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brooks JK, Bashirelahi N, Hsia RC, Reynolds MA. The dentist may shine a light on the gel to get the whitening reaction started. Seto TH, Grymak A, Mudliar V, Choi JJE. A rise in dental treatments, as well as interest in or awareness of the significance of oral health, are anticipated to drive the development. Other issues related to treatment received at illegal teeth whitening establishments include damage to enamel and tooth loss. Other states are expected to follow the same rules as dentists continue to struggle to regulate the industry. Dental abrasion pattern in a selected group of Malaysians. Tooth whitening and illegal practice Tooth whitening is a dental treatment which can permanently alter the structure of your teeth. If you're considering whitening your teeth, you'll be joining a popular trend in 2020, 37 million Americans used teeth whitening treatments, and dental bleaching is more than a $5.2 billion global industry (as of 2021). These are used to create your custom trays, which will fit snugly in your mouth to ensure even coverage of the gel. J Am Dent Assoc 2017;148(11s):S20-s26. Oper Dent 2005;30(2):156-63. by [deleted] Professional (Non-Dentist!) Efficacy and adverse effects of whitening dentifrices compared with other products: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nihon Univ Sch Dent 1990;32(3):175-80. Dr. Aguil is a member of the American Academy of Cosmetic Dentists (AACD), a faculty club member at the prestigious Spear Education Institute, and one of the nation's top Invisalign dentists. Consulted 12th April 2023. Dental whitening is a multi-billion dollar business that non-dentists have managed to tap into and earn a piece of the pie, but is it illegal? Sandra graduated as a dentist in 2014. Qualified dental staff are allowed to use higher concentrations of peroxide than you'll find in over-the-counter teeth whitening kits. J Am Dent Assoc 1994;125(9):1219-26. So, is the higher in-office teeth whitening cost really worth it? Fernandes MT, Vaez SC, Lima CM, et al. Join or renew today Li Y. Dr. Alexie Aguil, DDS founded Exquisite Dentistry in Los Angeles in 2006. Violation of the law could mean up to a year in jail and $5,000 in fines, Faulk wrote. a state legislator introduced a bill aimed at shutting down teeth-whitening kiosks. Content is neither intended to nor does it establish a standard of care or the official policy or position of the ADA; and is not a substitute for professional judgment, advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Contact ustoday for your no-obligation teeth whitening appointment in NYC. Its surprising these days that consumers can walk through a mall and suddenly have the opportunity to whiten their teeth from a kiosk that doesnt employ a licensed dentist. Bandla HP, Davis SH, Hopkins NE. Mouth trays are custom-made to fit your teeth properly and ensure even gel coverage. Joiner A. Whitening toothpastes: A review of the literature. The details of the cases vary from state to state. Dental regulators in at least 25 states have ordered teeth whitening businesses to shut down, and at least 14 states have changed laws or regulations in recent years to exclude non-dental . James P, Worthington HV, Parnell C, et al. Br Dent J 2013;215(1):29-34. Products that contain over 0.1 per cent hydrogen peroxide can legally only be sold to a dentist. . It is typically due to poor-fitting trays or improper application of the protective barrier or gel.22, 48 Li suggests that use of local anesthesia be avoided during in-office bleaching so that patients can detect any burning sensations, which could indicate gel seepage through the barrier, and that patients be instructed to alert the dentist to any discomfort during the procedure so that integrity of the barrier can be checked.22, A 2018 Cochrane review on the use of home-based whitening products found that tooth sensitivity and oral irritation were the most common adverse effects, which were more prevalent at higher concentrations but also considered mild and transient.1 A comparative systematic review of tray-delivered carbamide peroxide gels versus hydrogen peroxide products (for at-home bleaching) found that both whitening systems had relatively equal levels of tooth sensitivity and gingival irritation.61 As with sensitivity, gingival irritation is typically transient and resolves shortly after completing the treatment.22 Additionally, a 2022 systematic review concluded that hydrogen peroxide-containing products used for tooth whitening do not appear to have carcinogenic effects on the oral mucosa.62. Depending on the type of treatment, trays can be left in for 30-60 minutes or up to eight hours. These apply professional tooth whitening gel to your teeth using custom-made dental bleaching trays (like mouthguards). Zoom QuickPro was designed so that patients could spend a minimal amount of time in the dentist's chair. Best Dental Insurance that Covers Crowns with No Waiting Period, Dentist in Puerto Rico: Cost of Dental Implants and Where to go, Types of professional teeth whitening laser and Zoom, They apply whitening varnish to each tooth, They then apply a protective sealant to protect from sensitivity. Haywood VB. Is there a teeth-whitening story in your state? In-office whitening is performed by your dentist. The main ingredients are phthalimidoperoxycaproic acid (PAP+), hydroxyapatite and potassium citrate. STAY TUNED for upcoming video consultations!! However, state regulators sent Eck a cease and desist order from the Georgia Board of Dentistry after an investigator decided that her business was an unlicensed dental practice. Summary of dentist teeth whitening costs and options, 3 Ways To Finance Dental Work That Arent Insurance. Extrinsic discoloration is primarily associated with environmental factors or individual behaviors, such as tobacco use, exposure to metal salts (e.g., iron or copper), or the consumption of highly pigmented foods (e.g., dark fruits) or beverages (e.g., red wine, coffee, tea, or cola drinks).1, 6-11, Extrinsic tooth stains vary widely in color and severity, and can be exacerbated by lifestyle habits (e.g., smoking or chewing tobacco), poor oral hygiene, or frequent consumption of pigmented food or beverages.12, 13 A wide range of extrinsic stains can be effectively reduced with mechanical interventions such as brushing with a whitening toothpaste or professional prophylaxis.6, 7, 14 Some OTC whitening products (e.g., toothpastes, chewing gums) are effective primarily in removing extrinsic (surface) stains on enamel, and will not have a significant impact on intrinsic stains or the intrinsic color of the tooth.4, 15, Intrinsic stains occur inside the tooth (within the enamel or the underlying dentin), and can arise due to systemic causes such as genetic disorders (e.g., dentinogenesis imperfecta, amelogenesis imperfecta) or local factors during tooth development or after eruption (e.g., fluorosis).1, 16, 17 Aging is another common etiology of intrinsic discoloration. Hydrogen peroxide diffusion through enamel and dentin. The American Dental Association has this to say about teeth-whitening products. Efficacy, side-effects and patients' acceptance of different bleaching techniques (OTC, in-office, at-home). Content on this Oral Health Topic page is for informational purposes only. Our office isconveniently located near 30 East 40th Street Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016. The products act by chemical means to lighten stains on the surfaces, enamel and dentin layers of the teeth. Products that bear the ADA Seal of Acceptance (a voluntary program for OTC oral care products), indicating that the company has demonstrated that the product meets ADA Seal Program requirements for safety and effectiveness when used as directed, include toothpastes and whitening strips. Whitening the teeth of those under 18 is now illegal. Many times, this is further complicated when these boards are composed of private actors, like in the case of the North Carolina State Board of Dental Examiners (the Board). How does it work? Plus, Sporting Smiles is one of the more affordable whitening treatments that uses custom trays on the market, at just $80. Case Rep Dent 2017;2017:2106245. Potentially carcinogenic effects of hydrogen peroxide for tooth bleaching on the oral mucosa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Whitening treatments can be effective on both extrinsic and intrinsic staining. In this article, we review the best professional teeth whitening options, covering the following: Keep reading to learn about the best teeth whitening treatment for your needs. Torres CR, Crastechini E, Feitosa FA, Pucci CR, Borges AB. The purpose of this post is to start an open discussion regarding your thoughts on the subject should teeth whitening services be provided by licensed dental professionals only? According to the Philips website, you'll get 4 shades brighter in a single 30 minute session. Smile restoration through use of enamel microabrasion associated with tooth bleaching. The North Carolina State Board of Dental Examiners lost an appeal to the US Federal Trade Commission that backed the rights of nondentists to perform teeth whitening tasks. Due to the quick process, some clinicians may not recommend this method for people who wantteeth whitening for sensitive teeth. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2011;32(8):50-6. Dentaly.org is reader-supported. Amanda specialises in writing informative content about dentistry. Stopping at a mall kiosk while running errands creates convenience but it doesnt mean its safe. Tooth-bleaching procedures and their controversial effects: A literature review. Clinical trial assessing light enhancement of in-office tooth whitening. Your first step will be to have a consultation with a teeth whitening professional who can assess your suitability for your chosen teeth whitening procedure. A laser shone on the teeth during treatment is what makes this whitening technique so quick and effective. Carey CM. Acta Odontol Scand 2013;71(6):1475-80. Georgia is one of 30 states that have granted dentists a lucrative monopoly on teeth whitening, as the Institute for Justice documented in its 2013 report, White Out. Some of these kiosks even have teenage employees working with patients and are responsible for administering the teeth whitening procedure properly. Li Y. Stain removal and whitening by baking soda dentifrice: A review of literature. However, there is limited evidence that light-activated methods are more effective than others in the short-term. In contrast to well-researched professional and OTC approaches to tooth whitening, do-it-yourself (DIY) methods using fruits or other household items (e.g., coconut oil) have been promoted by print and online media as alternative, cost-effective means to whiten teeth. Dental Traumatology 2022. Review of the mechanism of tooth whitening. Specializing in transformative smile design, he gets to know each of his patients personally so he can understand how to make a difference to their smiles and their lives. First, you are sent an impression kit to use at home. Because the gel is administered by a qualified professional, it's allowed to be stronger than over-the-counter whitening products. This gives you the chance to ask about the dentist's teeth whitening costs and any other questions you may have. J Dent 2018;74:107-12. Influence of coffee and red wine on tooth color during and after bleaching. Professional teeth whitening can take just an hour of treatment in the dentist's office. This method may, therefore, be best avoided by people who want teeth whitening for sensitive teeth. J Dent 2010;38 Suppl 2:e17-24. Penetration of the pulp chamber by carbamide peroxide bleaching agents. I am a certified expanded-functions dental assistant. Teeth whitening at the dentist's office is a quick way to get a whiter smile, but is it the best whitening method for you? Some consumers have reported they were given a high dosage of peroxide, the main ingredient in most teeth whitening gels, that made their teeth extremely sensitive. When faced with people violating North Carolina Law by practicing dentistry without a license, the Board sends letters to the non-dentist providers saying that their activities constitute the illegal practice of dentistry. With Philips Zoom teeth whitening, you can choose between two whitening optionsZoom QuickPro and Zoom WhiteSpeed. Eck closed her business to avoid any legal consequences, but was adamant she did nothing wrong. A critical review of modern concepts for teeth whitening. Li Y, Greenwall L. Safety issues of tooth whitening using peroxide-based materials. Resolved, that this information be communicated to all organizations (e.g., state boards of dentistry and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) working to protect the public from harm and infectious disease. Cheap Veneers for Teeth: Where to Get Them and What They Cost, Get Smile Brilliant professional whitening, Try Smile Brilliant professional whitening, Tooth Whitening/Bleaching:Treatment Considerationsfor Dentists and TheirPatients, Global teeth whitening products market report (20233 to 2017), U.S. population: Usage of tooth whiteners from 2011 to 2024, Top Braces Only: Cost and Eligibility for Braces on Top Teeth Only. LED teeth whitening systems like Zoom are not as intense as laser treatment so you might need more than one session to see the results you want, although Phillips claim they can whiten teeth by up to eight shades in an hour. . ". Kugel G, Gerlach RW, Aboushala A, Ferreira S, Magnuson B. Operative Dentistry 2017;42(5):486-96. Numerous over-the-counter (OTC) whitening products (e.g., strips, gels, rinses, chewing gums, or paint-on films) are also widely available for self-application at home.4, Tooth (and dental) discoloration are terms used to describe any change in the color or translucency of a tooth,1 as well as discoloration in multiple teeth or the entire dentition. Whitening treatments include in-office bleaching procedures, dentist-supplied products for use at home, and over-the-counter (OTC) whiteners. First, decide which kind of whitening you would prefer. Dental boards or regulators in at least twenty-five states have ordered teeth whitening businesses to shut down. Tooth whitening can cause tooth and gum sensitivity in some people, so call your dentist if you experience this side effect. Using this website means that you're ok with this. OTC and Dentist-Supervised At-Home and In-Office Options, Anecdotal Claims and Do-It-Yourself Whitening, https://aacd.com/proxy/files/Publications%20and%20Resources/AACD%20State%20of%20the%20Cosmetic%20Dentistry%20Industry%202015.pdf, https://www.aapd.org/media/Policies_Guidelines/P_Bleaching.pdf, MouthHealthy: 5 Things to Know about Getting a Brighter Smile, MouthHealthy: Natural Teeth WhiteningFact vs. Fiction, National Childrens Dental Health Month reaches thousands during February observance, Three-day ADA airway event to help children get best start in life. The original complaint stemmed from June 2010, when the board sent numerous letters to try to block the nondentists . The Institute for Justice, which is a non-profit libertarian law firm, revealed that dental boards in 25 states took steps to shut down the teeth whitening mall kiosks and other similar establishments. Heymann GC, Grauer D. A contemporary review of white spot lesions in orthodontics. Br Dent J 2020;228(4):290-94. It takes just 30 minutes of in-office time and is ideal for touching up the whiteness of your teeth or getting a jump on the whitening process. J Am Dent Assoc 2017;148(9):661-70. However, there is a gray area when the anticompetitive conduct comes from a state agency or board as opposed to the state legislature itself. Click here for instructions on how to enable JavaScript in your browser. Can whitening toothpastes maintain the optical stability of enamel over time? Although the cost of teeth whitening at the dentist is higher than at-home alternatives, there are a number of safety benefits that the best in-office teeth whitening treatments offer: There is also a notable time advantage with in-office procedures. Whitening toothpastes primarily rely on abrasives for mechanical removal of extrinsic surface stains, though some contain low levels of peroxide to help lighten tooth color.7, 36, 37 A 2020 systematic review found limited evidence that whitening dentifrices had similar efficacy to paint-on gel but less efficacy than whitening strips, with comparable adverse effects (e.g., sensitivity, oral irritation).38 Most whitening strips rely primarily on peroxide to bleach teeth.33, 39, In-Office Procedures and Products Available Through Dentists, Examples of products available through dentists include gels delivered in custom-made trays, either intended for at-home use or applied as an in-office treatment. This concentration is too low to have any noticeable effect on the colour of the teeth. Each dentist will have their own opinion as to the best teeth whitening gel to use and may only offer one particular product through their practice. This website uses cookies to provide you with the best information and services possible. Should teeth whitening be considered a form of practicing dentistry and therefore be restricted to those with the proper oral health training? https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32011L0084&from=EN, Your email address will not be published. Pre-bleaching exam vital for optimum whitening. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006(4):CD006202. All beauty salons, shopping centre whitening agents etc. Since 2005, at least 14 states have changed their laws and regulations and now ban all but licensed dentists, hygienists and assistants from performing teeth-whitening procedures, according to the IJ. Mendes L, Laxe L, Passos L. Ten-year follow-up of a fragment reattachment to an anterior tooth: A conservative approach. All of these methods of professional teeth whitening at the dentist can be expensive. Consulted 12th April 2023. Braz Dent J 2020;31(3):221-35. Please follow the official guidance, stay safe and help limit the spread of the coronavirus. "Whitening lights are within the scope of the practice of dentistry and should be used under the direction of a dentist and that dentists are prohibited from practicing in commercial and mercantile establishments." D.C., Nevada and Tennessee appear to have policies prohibiting the service by individuals other than dental personnel. J Dent 2012;40(8):644-53. Consumers may pursue tooth bleaching without understanding the risks of treatment or the factors that may affect treatment success or failure. 2019. The American Dental Association (ADA) states that while OTC products are less expensive than at-home or in-office approaches, there is a time trade-off in that OTC products may take significantly longer than do either of the other options for whitening.. Best professional teeth whitening procedures in the US. If you do not agree with these conditions and our. The results of laser whitening should be clear after just one visit,but your dentist may recommend repeating the process toachieve the results you desire. Don't worry, we won't share your email with any third parties. The products are currently treated as cosmetics. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2010;31(7):486-92, 94-5; quiz 96, 508. de Geus JL, Wambier LM, Kossatz S, Loguercio AD, Reis A. At-home vs in-office bleaching: A systematic review and meta-analysis. For instance, in North Carolina, personnel at salons, spas and mall kiosks can offer whitening services, however, in Alabama, the whitening process can only be administered by licensed dentists, hygienists or dental assistants. Tooth whitening: Springer; 2016. p. 3-19. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. I'm hoping someone with more knowledge about teeth and whitening procedures can shed some light on this for me. With that in mind, we are here for you to answer any questions you may have with Read Full Letter, The Dangers of Using a Startup Company to Straighten Your Teeth. Cosmetic dentistry-state of the industry survey, 2015. Custom-fitted whitening trays, hand-crafted in the USA by dental lab technicians. Joiner A. Tooth colour: A review of the literature. The Texas Dental Association wants the legislature to change the law, so that only licensed dentists can perform teeth whitening. HARTFORD -- A lawsuit filed Wednesday seeks to block new regulations by the state Dental Commission that make it illegal for nondentists to provide certain teeth-whitening procedures at salons and . J Endod 2008;34(4):394-407. Addy M, Moran J, Griffiths AA, Wills-Wood NJ. It takes 45 minutes and teeth can get up to 8 shades whiter. Preemptive use of naproxen on tooth sensitivity caused by in-office bleaching: A triple-blind, crossover, randomized clinical trial. Lipoid pneumonia: A silent complication of mineral oil aspiration. At-home whitening with custom trays involves whitening gel placed in trays by the patient at home. Dental whitening has grown into a multi-billion dollar business and the struggle over whether non-dentists should be allowed to bleach teeth has been playing out across the country in recent years. For now, small business owners in kiosks, spas, and salons can enjoy their freedom to compete with dentists with their lower prices. The limited studies to date on DIY or natural whitening interventions raise questions regarding the efficacy and safety of these approaches. Your dentist will tell you how much gel to use for each application. Gingival irritation can result from contact with peroxide-based gels when whitening strips or any gel-based product is used for whitening. Operative Dentistry 2020;45(3):265-75. Consumers often choose convenience over visiting a dental office to whiten their teeth. In recent years the industry has struggled over whether non-dentists should be allowed to whiten teeth. A professional whitening kit to use at home. Silveira FM, Schuch LF, Schimidt TR ea. Tooth Whitening can ONLY be carried out by dentists and those on the dental register. Oper Dent 2015;40(1):E21-7. Another way to save money on professional teeth whitening and the laser teeth whitening cost is to get your treatment abroad. Bleaching compounds in over-the-counter whitening products are peroxide-based and typically contain carbamide peroxide or hydrogen peroxide at lower concentrations than in-office or dentist-prescribed, at-home bleaching techniques. The Council for Cosmetic Teeth Whitening, a trade group, is working to promote the safety of non-dental teeth-whitening businesses. All complaints about the unlicensed practice of dentistry, or against licensed dental professionals, whether assistants or dentists, are handled by the Dental Board of California, which can be contacted at: 2005 Evergreen Street, Suite 1550 Sacramento, CA 95815 Telephone (916)263-2300.

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