from what I recall he wasn't a user and the people around him weren't allowed either. It will surely be an organic document, subject to change and amendment over time. "El Mayo" Zambada. There is new evidence that the Mexican cartels are also beginning to do business with the Chinese Triads and are now smuggling illegal Chinese immigrants into the western hemisphere (AFP, 2/27/98; AFP, 8/31/99)/(15). Will the Mexican cartels try their hand in the burgeoning European economies or limit their focus to the western hemisphere? The army detained 34 police officers along with him on suspicion of protecting him. The Herrera family - In some ways, this is not really a cartel per se, but an old time Mexican mafia family akin to the Camorra of Naples or the Black mobs of the eastern United States. Ramos, an active PRI player, was commonly acknowledged to have been involved for many years in a multi-national auto-theft ring with underworld figures from Argentina and Colombia. Mexico has a strong drug cartel presence and a relatively weak terrorist presence. All told, the drug trade remains a mega-billion dollar industry; $400 billion a year worldwide, with perhaps as much as $40 billion of that finding its way to Mexico each year, as has been noted above. There is a need for law enforcement coordination and cooperation throughout the international community. 1. There is very little grass-roots opposition to the cartels among the Mexican people. The pressure on the Colombian cartels was mounting. The article had an interesting interview with an average Mexican who said as follows: "We don't have any faith in the government's ability to fight drug trafficking, but that doesn't mean we like the United State's coming in and dictating. "'Gutierrez may have done more severe damage to the war against the Mexican drug cartels than Aldrich Ames did to the CIA's espionage operations' said DEA official, Thomas Constantine" (Brant, 1997:36) In January of 1998, a retired Mexican general was arrested and charged with actually helping the drug cartels with a number of their organizational problems. Less than 200 miles are currently fenced, and that fencing is literally full of holes. If you want to know more about how Post Codes are determined in Mexico, the first two postal digits of Los Herrera ("34") correspond to the state code of Durango, and the last three correspond to the people themselves. Some success was achieved, but the Puerto Rican connection suffered a major blow however, in August of 1999 when 58 persons, including a number of American Airline personnel, local Puerto Rican law enforcement officials, a federal employee, and the son of Puerto Rico's chief law enforcement official were arrested on drug trafficking charges (AFP, 8/26/99). I only knew of two with the name Herrera (of any substance) of those one disbanded and only one has been around since the 50s.I will look for a link or two..if you have information that is dif let me know. While there is no hard data, the generally accepted figure is that Mexico sees $40 billion a year from the drug trade (though it does not all come from the United States). Peniche was quoted as saying, "Donations of this kind were normal in MexicoIt was part of the system between businessman and politicians. This purge brought the total number of officers dismissed from the Federal Judicial Police force between December of 1994 (when Lozano took office) and August of 1996 to 1,250, constituting 22 percent of the force. Special Agent Michael J. Tobin displayed how the cocaine had returned the majority of their profits to their home in Mexico, using @Dwel you are right, now that El Viejo got arrested they already call me back, I have to return to Mexico and take over the productions of medicine for all of the sick people out there. Early this morning an operation was launched to arrest a financial operator of the Cabrera Sarabia criminal group, part of the Sinaloa Cartel. For the past 70 years, all major political officials have come from one political party, the Institutional Revolutionary Party or PRI. The most vocal critic during the 1999 re-certification process came from House Minority Leader Dick Gephardt who was quoted as saying, "Mexico has not done enough to meet the requirements of our law" (PST, 3/1/99). A third Amezcua brother, Luis, still faces drug-trafficking charges in the U.S. On May 21, 1999 the extradition of Oscar Malherve to the U.S. was also denied. Jos Luis Cabrera Sarabia, alias "El 03, Luis Alberto Cabrera Sarabia, alias El Arqui. Herrera-Nevares was the patriarch of a huge criminal syndicate based in the The United States and then President Zedillo both backed off from their hard-line approach out of a fear that such a policy would continue to disrupt the social-economic fabric of Mexicans daily life, have an adverse effect on Mexico's international fiscal position, and most notably, have an adverse effect on Mexico's ability to pay its foreign debt, including the $20 billion owed to the United States (Reuters, 5/7/97). They are better armed than the Colombian military, and appear ready to take on the government in full-pitch battles (Hammer and Isikoff, 8/9/99). This group is Mexico's largest importer of ephedrine and supplies the other cartels with the finished product, methamphetamine. These new laws reorganization efforts have come much too late to avert the present crisis however. Now you can vote for Los Herrera so that everyone knows it. Will President Fox be successful in his call for the development of a coordinated regional/multinational war-effort against drug trafficking? A ride across the border that cost an illegal $200 a few years ago now runs anywhere from $800 to $1,200 (see generally, Zarembo, 1999). AFP, "Mexico's ruling party defeats opposition alliance in state elections," 9/27/99, internet. Though not politically popular, the data clearly indicates that law enforcement/military interdiction alone cannot solve this problem. Meanwhile, in June 2020, El 01 was successfully extradited to the US where he currently remains in jail. The figures will surpass 400 for the year 2000 (AFP, 9/27/00). Reuters, "Clinton, Zedillo try to ease strain," 5/7/97, internet. / 01.05.2023 13:28:00. They, among many others, would also like to see DEA agents be allowed to carry weapons into Mexico while on assignment (Reuters, 10/22/97). Numerous case studies provide support for this mistrust. It appears as if the cartel leaders, even those who are not in partnership with the Mexican leadership, are willing to play along with the certification game, to give themselves up from time to time for a token arrest, and to let a small cache of their drugs be publicly "captured" and burned to achieve a positive public relations effect. The kings, armed with their self-ascribed divine right, functioned as the sovereign in the next evolutionary period. The Hank Corporation, known as "Guapo Hank", has purchased or maintained control over several American banks, investment firms, transportation companies and real estate properties, and is involved in the gambling industry. In the beginning, the Colombians would pay the Mexican groups as much as $1,000/kilo to smuggle cocaine into the United States. Gallardo has long been known for advocating cooperation between the cartels. Different accounts have Raul Salinas, the Gulf Cartel, the Tijuana Cartel, and various members of the PRI party behind the murder. They were smuggling four times as much cocaine as the other cartels combined (Larmer 3/10/97). LaFranchi, Howard, "Keeping Mexican Migrants Safer," Latinos Unidos, Julio 2000, p. 2. Off the books cash flows very freely. Bad PR move, maybe Chapo found out and turned him in? In November of 1991, for example, a United States Customs Service plane trailing a Mexican police plane in pursuit of a plane transporting drugs recorded an extraordinary scene using long range infrared video equipment. the 'Ice'. AFP, "Mexican government announces new anti-drug strategy," 2/4/99, internet. On July 23, 1985, as a These groups have accumulated more than $5.3 billion in the past eight years, primarily through the drug trade ($2.3 billion), but also via kidnaping ($1.8 billion) and extortion ($1.2 billion) (Criminal Organizations, May 1999). Jose Massieu was the leading PRI candidate in the 1994 presidential election before being gunned down in September of 1994 on orders of Raul Salinas (as previously noted, Raul Salinas is currently serving a 27 1/2 year prison sentence for the killing). Associated Press, "Border crackdown blamed for tension," 7/28/99, internet. Its credibility all but destroyed. the service of Sinaloa cartel, Joaquin "El Chapo" Guzman and Ismael Again, the September 1999 arrests by U.S. officials of 93 Juarez cartel associates mentioned previously, along with the loss of drug supplies and millions in currency will surely serve to weaken the Juarez cartel and further strengthen the Gulf Cartel and The Federation. The other syndicates generally do not contend with the Herrera clan. This proved to be somewhat of a difficult task, for both the PAN candidate (Guanajarto Governor and former Coca-Cola executive Vincent Fox) and the PRD candidate (Mexico City Mayor, Cuautehmoc Cardenas) were strong contenders. Ballesteros (currently serving a life sentence in United States for drug trafficking), introduced a number of Mexican cartel leaders to one of the founders of the Medellin Cartel, Rodriguez Gacha (killed by police in 1989). There will certainly not be any abrupt divorce decree nor a sudden wholesale embrace of grassroots democracy. The l999 certification was approved in a far less visible fashion than in either 1998 or 1997 (the Senate vote in 1998 was close, however - 54 to 45, UPI, 3/26/98; see also Reuters, 2/26/98), though the matter did draw the ire of political leaders on both sides of the Rio Grande (AFP, 2/26/98; Reuters, 2/4/98). AFP, "Mexican government rejects rebel proposal for peace," 3/4/98, internet. (Constantine, 2/27/97) The Mexican drug cartels have become the dominant force in the United States methamphetamine trafficking. Cooperative law enforcement efforts surface as another option to consider. When Fuentes passed away, the cartel probably had $25 billion in assets hidden away. The peso is stronger than it has been in more than a year (currently trading at roughly 1:9.3 in terms of American dollars), the Mexican stock market index (the Bolsa index) is up, currently around 5,650 - up from the 4,750 mark just a year ago but down from its high mark a few months ago of 8,400, direct foreign investment will reach $20 billion during the year 2000 (AFP, 10/2/00), and the federal budget contains a surplus in excess of $900 million (boosted of late due to increasing world oil prices). Over the past 30 years, the Mexican military has emerged as a major cartel in its own right, and currently has a virtual monopoly in the marijuana transportation business. This information included the identities of undercover agents and every bit of information about the United States-Mexican intelligence unit used to track major cartel persons. The Hank family - A second family syndicate, the Hank Family, has been emerging of late as a powerful player in the drug trade. AFP, "Oaxaca citizens flee their homes," 12/16/97, internet. With the peso devaluation came inflation, which destroyed the dreams of what was becoming a relatively large and stable Mexican middle class. Then he made alliance with the Pacific Cartel, from a "When I came here, I realized the key to success in this job would be working with Juarez," said El Paso Police Chief Leach (Larmer, 1997). Drug enforcement is not a central concern of the Mexican people, and as long as the cartels resist the temptation to market drugs to their own people, there will be no populous movement to rid the country of the cartels due to the simple fact that they are such a valuable economic asset to the nation. The Mexican and Colombian cartels began another series of meetings. Carlos Peniche is currently being held in Australia and awaiting extradition to Mexico, where he will face charges of fraud. 27-36. Just a big name coincidence. >>> Map with all the towns within the municipality of Santiago Papasquiaro, >>> Click here to see more towns in the State of Durango (statistics, photos, maps, restaurants, hotels,) <<<, Other towns in the Municipality of Santiago Papasquiaro. During the 1999 certification process, however, neither Mica nor Feinstein challenged President Clinton regarding the re-certification of Mexico, although both publicly indicated that they still had serious reservations about the decision. This would suggest at least some semblance of an organizational hierarchy, where orders move down the chain of command, and money moves up. In September of 1994, PRI heir-apparent Jose Francisco Massieu was assassinated. In 1994 sheriffs of two border counties were jailed along with a county clerk and a county judge. And over the years, the PRI has been a most fickle friend. (8) Because Mexico has historically lacked a viable multi-party system and the checks and balances that such a system brings, no such public crack-down has occurred, nor could we realistically expect it to occur given this backdrop. The matter has become more convoluted due to the recent emergence of a powerful right-wing entity, the Self-Defense Force. People smuggling is now a $900 million a year enterprise - interestingly almost twice the budget of the U.S. Border Patrol. As of this writing, the cartels are moving with great success, perhaps too much success, for the street level law enforcement community reports that drug supplies are up, purity is up, and prices are down. President Fox has continued to seek American cooperation/assistance in the drug wars, but sensing its lowered priority in the Ameican political agenda, he has turned his attention southward and called for a unified Latin American effort to deal with the trafficking. Whatever you say. Cut Colombia out of the picture with respect to the cocaine trade by dealing directly with Peruvian and Bolivian suppliers. 84-101. AFP, "Mexican opposition, ruling party running neck-and-neck: poll," 8/30/99, internet. AFP, "Mexico's Grupo Hank deals drugs and threatens US security: report," 6/2/99, internet. American Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, House of International Relations Committee, Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, Institute for Fight Against Drug Trafficking, International Multilateral Development Banks. I am ill today, so could search further so this helps, I will try and translate and post..@6:17 still looking for the vid and thank you, i did go into the DEA history archives and pulled good info about the organization, they are huge and good businessmen with longevity.I am posting it now as an add on, They once had 90% of the chicago heroin. Blustein, Paul, "Mexico to pay back U.S. loan early," Washington Post, 3/16/97, p. E3. 5. This meant that the Mexican cartels now had almost complete control of the cocaine trade in the United States, the largest cocaine market in the world. There are probably a dozen Mexican syndicates that are involved in the drug trade. Armando corral (head of Herrera clan and brother of poncho. Among other functions, they select their successors to the Office of President, approve legislative and state gubernatorial candidates (de-facto appointments), select the attorney general, select high-ranking military officials, select supreme court justices, select the head of the PRI Central Executive Committee (the de-facto ruling body of Mexico), and regularly by-pass the legislature and issue executive decrees or orders ("reglamentos") that have the effect of law. AFP, "Top Mexican official, business clan in drug trade: reports," 6/2/99, internet. As Alexander and Caiden (1985) have pointed out, long term responses are needed for the organized crime problem. In sum, Fox has embarked upon, at least in word, an aggressive anti-corruption, pro-human rights, pro-global business position. UPI, "Zedillo: Mexican economy won't worsen," 2/5/99, internet. Their first attempt managed to grab 11 of his hitmen, killing another, however El Arqui and his bodyguards escaped the area during the chaos of battle. The Colombians agreed to all of this as long as Mexican cartels would leave the Colombian markets in Miami, and the bulk of the east coast to the Colombians. Christian Science Monitor, "Why chic Mexican sneaks into US," 4/22/99, internet. Wall Street Journal, "Raul Salinas cooperated with drug traffickers," 3/13/98, p. 1. Mayor Enrquez Herrera had apparently forgotten that Alma Reyes Guerra, the mayor of San Dimas, had just recently watched her father be kidnapped and killed by cartel hitmen in the middle of his mayoral campaign. But this political backdrop is perhaps about to change. In the midst of a heated campaign for the first time in its 70 year history as has been discussed, the matter has spun out of control. "What is surprising," he writes, "is the open and singularly aggressive demeanor of the Mexican soldiers [who are] on American soil." Only crap, Buela I read the story of Jaime Herrera-Nevares back in 2000, is this guy related to them? He is alleged to have close links to Mexico's most-wanted drug trafficker, the. Many have continued to move in that fashion, but the Colombians have now returned as the Mexican cartel's primary supplier of heroin and cocaine. They have many operations in Mexico itself. NAFTA, the North American Free Trade Agreement, was showing some dividends. In addition to the aggressive culture it brings to the region and the accompanying oppression of the Mexican people who are de-facto powerless in Mexican legal culture, the militarization slows the flow of legal and illegal commodities across the border. President Zedillo himself has even admitted taking money from Peniche, but the details are not clear (AFP, 5/30/99). I would of told him U don't be stupid u fat lil toad. opium poppy plants, processed and packaged heroin in Mexico, and transported it Malherve was released from jail on a technicality a few weeks after the United States certification was finalized (Brant, 1997). We have located on the Internet several beautiful images of places and locations nearby, so you can see the beauty of this Mexican town. In response, the Colombian government has launched "Plan Colombia," a $7.5 billion effort to take out the drug traffickers and restore order to this beleaguered nation. Jorge Hank Rhon, the younger of the two sons, lives in the northern border town of Tijuana and is a close associate of the Felix-Arellano brothers, the leaders of The Federation. It was not lost to U.S. How will the cartels in Mexico and the rest of Latin American respond to this initiative? In response, Mexico as well as representatives from 26 other North and South American countries signed the Manaus Declaration in October of 2000, pledging their mutual cooperation in an attempt to more effectively combat "drug trafficking and transnational criminal activities" (AFP, 10/19/00). The party was created in an attempt on the part of officials at that time to bring a sense of stability to a beleaguered nation, and to seek a more conservative socio-economic evolution (ie. It is in the process of integrating itself into the socio-economic political fabric of both developing and developed nations, is becoming a major force in international finance, and is destined to dominate until the collective political will of "we, the people" is galvanized in opposition. A recent article by O'Day (2000) is one of the first comprehensive pieces written in English that addresses this topic. The Immigration and Naturalization Service recently announced the hiring of an additional 1,000 agents who will be assigned to patrol the border, primarily in Texas. The report indicated that the average age of those who have consumed some type of stimulant at least once is between 10 and 12 years old. The soldiers were able to find the cave and they attempted to arrest him a second time but Arqui and four of his hitmen decided to go down fighting. dont worry another meth maker will take overget puffed out, http://www.informador.com.mx/mexico/2012/357271/6/detienen-a-productor-de-metanfetaminas-del-cartel-del-pacifico.htm, yah i noe. Sinaloa cartel. Some very legitimate queries can be aired as to whether they really have the tools necessary to embrace modern democracy. Marijuana is grown year-round in Mexico and the army has literally tons of harvested marijuana at its disposal, and even oversees the production and crop security end of the process in some regions. President Fox, however, has publicly stated that if evidence of criminal wrongdoing undertaken by his predecessor came to light, he would do what he could to institute legal proceedings against him (Weymouth, 2000, p. 35). The capital, Mexico City, lays claim to being the largest city in the world. AFP, "U.S. issues annual anti-drug ruling," 12/13/97, internet. But the fact remains that the Mexican economy needs the estimated $40 billion plus that flows into the country from the drug trade. In 1998 this number skyrocketed to 145, and to 325 in 1999. Sullivan, Brian, "Organized crime: a growing national security threat," Strategic Forum, 5/1/96, #74. Lucky for Enrquez Herrera, a generous benefactor was able to step in and lend him the money he needed to complete the project. He became very visible, and because of that, the Cali cartel suppliers began to be somewhat reluctant to do business with him. Among other initiatives, he has called for the creation of a Mexican Truth Commission to examine past atrocities and bring those responsible to justice. The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 allowed for nearly 4 million illegals (the plurality of whom were from Mexico) to permanently stay in the U.S., apply for citizenship and ultimately bring in close relatives. 9. Associated Press, "Fox draws from left-wing, conservative sides," 11/24/00, internet. They are increasingly recruiting police and military personnel for their expertise and intelligence (UPI, 5/13/97). They have benefitted from relatively solid internal leadership, an ability to cooperate, a socio-economic political environment that needs cartel money, endemic poverty among the populous, institutionalized corruption among government, military, and police officials at virtually every level, a single party political system, a differentiation in economies that drives hundreds of thousands of its citizens to illegally cross the border of its northern neighbor, and a huge demand for drugs from that same wildly wealthy northern neighbor. We are still in the process of carrying out this operation. According to Eduardo Once everything that has to be done in the domicile where this activity took place is concluded, the detainee will be transferred to the facilities of the federal Attorney General's Office [in Mexico City].. In response to the issue of American corruption, he recently responded, "I ask myself how tons and tons of drugs enter the United States without anyone noticing and how consumption grows without anybody stopping it." Fuentes was very tight with Jorge Hank, Jr. Jorge Hank, Sr. is one of the most powerful men in the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), the Mexican national party. heroin into the United States, cocaine trafficking was also a major problem The PRI was founded by former Mexican President Plutarco Calles in 1929 and further developed and strengthened by President Lazaro Cardenas (1934-1940). Instead of merely dumping the cocaine in warehouses just across the border, the Mexican cartels became so powerful that they could guarantee delivery anywhere inside the United States. AFP, "Mexicans drug-taking on the rise, cocaine favored over marijuana," 7/4/99, internet. AFP, "U.S. The overall estimate of the total illegal immigrant population in the U.S. ranges from 5 to 6 million, and is growing. The collapse happened almost overnight. In a damning suicide note left by his side in September of 1999, Jose's brother, Mario Massieu, implicated President Zedillo in Jose's murder, a matter that will surely disrupt an already uneasy political situation in Mexico (AFP, 9/17/99). At best, we are fighting a holding action. The next phase will see transnational organized crime entities emerge as the de-facto sovereign of significance in the world. The flow of drugs has hardly diminished in recent months, yet the United States has seemed to almost wink at the matter. also he said a rifle, a handgun, two vehicles, communications While currently little more than a call for action, he seems determined to cobble together some type of unified Meso-American anti-drug initiative. But Mexican leadership also benefit from this charade, for they use it as a smoke screen to help the cartels with which they have become aligned. Herrera is considered to be one of the most important producers

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